Dynamics of Biomolecules in Photoreceptor Cells of Twilight and Color Vision

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Following progresses have been made. [1] Resonance Raman spectroscopic study on 7, 9-dicis-rhodopsin demonstrated that the Schiff base linkage between its chromophore (7, 9-dicis-retinal) and bovine opsin retained anti form as in the case of rhodopsin. [2] A comparison of photoreactions between rhodopsin and 7-cis-rhodopsin revealed that an interaction between opsin and the 9-methylgroup of the chromophore changed during the lumiーmeta I transition. [3] Analysis of the photoreactions of synthetic rhodopsin analogs indicated that a conformational change around betaーionone ring of the chromophore should occur during bathoーlumi transition. [4] Laser flash photolysis of 8-memberedーrhodopsin showed that photoーbatho transition process corresponded to a relaxing pathway of highly twisted conformation of trans C_<11>-C_<12> double bond in the chromophore. [5] FTIR spectroscopy showed that the Schiff base of hypsorhodopsin was protonated. [6] In the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin, an increase o … More f interaction between the protein moiety and the protonated Schiff base of the retinylidene chromophore was observed at the stages of both L and N intermediates by FTIR spectroscopy. [7] FTIR spectroscopy showed that Asp-96 in N intermediated of bacteriorhodopsin was deprotonated while Asp-85 was protonated. [8] Chromophore extraction experiments indicated that the photobleaching of iodopsin was initiated by the cis-trans isomerization of C_<11>-C_<12> double bond in the retinylidene chromophore. [9] It was suggested that the lifetime of metaiodopsin II would be extremely shorter than that of metarhodopsin II. [10] Analysis of epitope (s) of our monoclonal antibodies specific for iodopsin is now being investigated. The C-terminal part of iodopsin could be the antigenic ite. [11] A photobleaching intermediate of iodopsin was phosphorylated by purified bovine rhodopsin kinase. [12] A candidate protein for putative cone-specific G-protein alpha-subunit was partially purified from chicken retinas. [13] Amino acid sequence of iodopsin was deduced from its complementary DNA. Cloning of the other cone pigments in a chicken retina is now under progress. Less