A Comprehensive Study of Political Structures and Political Awareness at the Local Level of Society

地方社会政治结构和政治意识的综合研究

• 批准号: 63301023
• 负责人: IYASU Tadashi
• 金额: $ 9.86万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63301023/
• 关键词: Local Politics; Citizens; Voting Behavior; Political Socialization; Stratum Identification; Political Party; Social Network; Sense of Injustice; 地方政治家; 集票行動; 政策活動; 階層意識; 政治意識; 交際ネットワーク

This research was conducted over a three year period and was carried out through by employing three large scale questionnaires that aimed at grasping an overall picture of local politics in japan. Thus research was not limited to one single area, but extended to cover most of the kinki are, Tottori and Niigata Prefectures and all major cities not included in these areas with a population of over one million.In 1988 the first two questionnaires, addressed to 8628 assemblymen and 387 government leaders (mayors, governors, etc.) were sent out by post and of these 35% and 46% respectively were returned completed. In the following year, another questionnaire of a similar nature was sent out to 5226 voters in the same areas ; 35% of these were returned completed. Research of substance on local politics in Japan has yet to be conducted. Thus, in this sense, these three questionnaires provided vital information on similar subjects from three major participants in local politics. This will enab … More le a comparison of perceptions surrounding local politics from differing levels, Consequently, it is hoped that this will lead to a more overall three dimensional conception of the politics that play such an important role in grassroots society in Japan.Results were statistically tabulated and various analyses of these calculations were then carried out by members of the group. Findings from these analyses were subsequently presented in papers written by the members. Although not all the findings can be listed here, some of the more interesting findings are as follows. Nakamura, in focusing on social strata identity and feeling of distributive injustice according to party affiliation, found that rather than variables such as income and education, the actual preference showed for a political party seemed to influence strongly people's perception of society.In concluding he notes that in discussing the future roles and successes of political parties, the measurement of the feeling of distributive injustice, in particular, could prove to be very explanatory. Aiba, in his paper on nonpartisans, shows through the use of multi-variate analyses the weight demographic factors such as age, occupation, years of residence etc. And membership in certain social groups have in influencing a person in either supporting or not supporting a political party. He points to the growing number of nonpartisans and the eventual influence they will have on society in the future. As a comment on more recent events in politics such as the rash of scandals involving money and sex, Kent's paper on shame elucidates the rancor felt by the public in relation to the improper behavior recently of politicians. This report also points to a growing feeling of discord among communities as Japanese society becomes more urban and more technology oriented.Other papers cover a wide range of topics including such subjects as the socialization processes of those who aspire to politics and the policy making processes of those in politics. As this study was carried out by researchers in a number of different disciplines, the data obtained covers a large number of politically related topics. The full meaning of the abundant and rich data reaped from this study has yet to be realized but the interim reports indicate that these results have brought light to a number of hitherto unknowns and also added body to some already constructed frames. No doubt, further more in-depth analyses of this data will lay some important grounds for future research. Less

本研究为期三年，透过三次大规模问卷调查，以掌握日本地方政治的全貌。因此，调查范围不仅限于一个地区，还扩大到了近畿道、鸟取县、新泻县的大部分地区，以及这些地区以外人口超过100万的所有主要城市。1988年，对8628名议员和387名政府领导（市长、知事等）进行了前两次问卷调查。以邮递方式寄出，分别有35%及46%已完成寄回。第二年，又向同一地区的5 226名选民发出了另一份类似性质的问卷，其中35%的人完成了问卷。对日本地方政治的实质性研究尚待进行。因此，从这个意义上说，这三份调查问卷提供了地方政治三个主要参与者关于类似主题的重要信息。这将使 ...更多信息 通过比较不同阶层对地方政治的看法，希望能够对在日本基层社会中发挥重要作用的政治有一个更全面的三维认识。对结果进行了统计，并由小组成员对这些计算进行了各种分析。这些分析的结果随后在成员们撰写的文件中提出。虽然不是所有的发现都可以在这里列出，但一些更有趣的发现如下。中村在关注社会阶层身份和根据政党归属的分配不公感时发现，对政党的实际偏好似乎强烈影响人们对社会的看法，而不是收入和教育等变量。最后，他指出，在讨论政党的未来作用和成功时，特别是对分配不公感的衡量，可以很好地解释Aiba在他关于无党派人士的论文中，通过使用多变量分析显示了年龄、职业、居住年限等人口因素的权重，以及某些社会群体的成员资格对一个人支持或不支持一个政党的影响。他指出，越来越多的无党派人士以及他们未来对社会的最终影响。肯特关于羞耻的论文是对最近发生的政治事件的评论，如涉及金钱和性的丑闻，阐述了公众对最近政客不当行为的怨恨。报告还指出，随着日本社会的城市化和技术化，社区间的不和谐感也在增加。其他论文的主题也很广泛，包括渴望从政者的社会化过程和从政者的政策制定过程。由于这项研究是由多个不同学科的研究人员进行的，所获得的数据涵盖了大量与政治有关的主题。从这项研究中获得的大量和丰富的数据的全部意义还有待实现，但临时报告表明，这些结果已经揭示了一些迄今为止未知的问题，并为一些已经构建的框架增添了活力。毫无疑问，对这些数据的进一步深入分析将为未来的研究奠定一些重要基础。少