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Evolution of primate and origin of man.

灵长类动物的进化和人类的起源。

基本信息

批准号：
63304010
负责人：
NOZAWA K.
金额：
$ 6.53万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63304010/
关键词：
population structure of Japanese macaque genetic drift phylogeny of gibons DNA analysis bipedalism differentiation of human races morphological character of tooth hominoidea 二足歩行ヒト上科の遺伝的系統図霊長類の遺伝子地図霊長類の染色体

项目摘要

Prof. Nozawa studied in detail the Population structure of Japanese macaque, using the blood samples of 3409 individuals comprising in 51 troops and blood protein variations as genetic markers. Its result was compared with those of other macaques and mammals. The genetic variations detected in Japanese macaque are not distributed uniformly in the whole species but occur in some limited areas. Genetic variability in the Japanese macaques is about the same as in some animal species inhabiting narrow, closed environment such as cave fishes etc.. He concluded that these phenomena were mainly derived from genetic drift. Prof. Takenaka analyzed the speciation of gibons which are belonged to Hominoidea by the DNA of psi beta globin gene. The divergence time between Homo and Hylobates is estimated 19 millions to 23 millions years and that between sub enera Hylobates and Synphalangus are estimated 19 millions to 23 millions and 7 millions to 9 millions years, respectively. Prof. Honio analyzed … More the DNA sequence of epsilon processed pseudo gene of chimpanzee, gollia and orang-utan in order to make the evolutionary phylogenetic tree of higher primates. The divergence time chimpanzee and human being and that between gollia and human being are estimated 4.9<plus-minus>0.9 millions and 5.9<plus-minus>0.9 millions years, respectively, assuming that between human being and orangutan is 14 millions years. Prof. Matsunaga found the two different genetical groups in Japanese population by mtDNAs analysis. He is discussing on the relationship between the some cline of the frequency of one in these groups and the origin of Japanese. Prof. Hanihara analyzed the fusion and divergence of human populations by the morphological charder of teeth. He found that the morphological character of teeth is sufficiently applicable to the study of small evolution of human being. Dr. Wimura analyzed the structure of long bones of biped and fourped animals from a point of view of mechanics. He suggested that the primates have stronger and larger bones than those of fourped animalslin comparing with same body weight and that the femur of human being tend to be larger and stronger than those of nonhuman prima Less

野泽教授详细研究了日本猕猴的种群结构，使用了51个部队的3409个个体的血液样本和血液蛋白变异作为遗传标记。并与其它猕猴和哺乳动物的结果进行了比较。在日本猕猴中检测到的遗传变异并不是均匀分布在整个物种中，而是发生在一些有限的区域。日本猕猴的遗传变异与居住在狭窄封闭环境中的一些动物物种（如洞穴鱼类等）的遗传变异大致相同。他的结论是，这些现象主要源于遗传漂变。竹中教授通过psi β珠蛋白基因的DNA分析了属于人总科的gibons的物种形成。人属和长臂猿类之间的分歧时间估计为1900万至2300万年，亚内拉长臂猿类和合趾类之间的分歧时间估计分别为1900万至2300万年和700万至900万年。霍尼奥教授分析说 ...更多信息对黑猩猩、猩猩和猩猩假基因的DNA序列进行了序列分析，以构建高等灵长类的进化系统树。假设人类与猩猩的分歧时间为1400万年，则黑猩猩与人类的分歧时间为<plus-minus>490万年，<plus-minus>而猩猩与人类的分歧时间为590万年。Matsunaga教授通过mtDNA分析发现日本人群中存在两个不同的遗传群体。他正在讨论这些群体中的一个频率的某些倾向与日语起源之间的关系。Hanihara教授通过牙齿的形态特征分析了人类种群的融合和分化。他发现，牙齿的形态特征完全适用于研究人类的微小进化。Wimura博士从力学的角度分析了四足动物的长骨结构。他认为，灵长类动物的骨骼比四足动物的骨骼更强壮、更大，而人类的股骨往往比非人类灵长类动物的股骨更大、更强壮。