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Studies on a quantitative analysis of function of water and soil conservation and the desirable management on natural forest of diciduous broad-leaved trees as beech or the like.

山毛榉等落叶阔叶树天然林水土保持功能定量分析及合理经营研究。

基本信息

批准号：
63304018
负责人：
MURAI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 6.46万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Various factors relating to a water cycle was observed on the natural beech stand and artificial Japanese cypress stand at the foot of Mt. Fuji for a period form May to November in 1989, and the characteristics of said factors water balance of both stands were cleared. The canopy interception rainfall and stem flow rainfall of the closed beech stand were respectively 16 and 18 % of the total rainfall. The stem flow rainfall is much because of the tree form and smooth bark easy to gather water of beech. From the investigation on the scene in the foot of Mt. Fuji, the mountain system of Amagi and Ou, it was cleared that the felling of the beech stand and the alteration of the beech stand to an artificial coniferous forest exerted large effect on vegetation, soil and sydrological condition of forest land(infiltration capacity, waterstorage capacity.In five basine constituted of deciduous broad-leaved trees mainly composed of a beech or the like, the effect of the partial felling in the ba … More sins and alteration of species exerted on the flow states of rivers was investigated. A felling area ratio for ten years was below 10 % in all of five basins. The effect of felling on short-term runoff was partially confirmed but no significant difference was confirmed in long-term runoff.The change of forest management, a mountain devastation state and a sand and soil loss were investigated in the upper reaches of Okura Dam. As a result, the enlargement of land slide of stream shore due to a flood was partially confirmed but the hill side land slide in a felled region was not almost conifirmed. No marked correlation was confirmed between the volume of deposited sand to a dam reservoir and a felling area, felling quantity and a length of a forestry road. From the viewpoint of the water and soil maintenace of a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest mainly composed of a beech or the like, a preregeneration system generation system genetating no bare forest land and renewing forest land safely and certainly is considered in desirable management. It is necessary to pay attention to skidding by tractor destructing a foret floor. Less

在山脚下的天然山毛榉林和人工日本柏树林上观察了与水循环有关的各种因素。1989年5月至11月对富士山进行了一个时期的水分平衡试验，明确了两种林分水分平衡的特征。郁闭山毛榉林分的林冠截留降雨量和树干径流降雨量分别占总降雨量的16%和18%。山毛榉的树形和光滑的树皮易聚水，树干径流量大。从对山脚下现场的调查来看，通过对富士山山系、淡木山系和欧山山系山毛榉林的采伐和人工针叶林改造，对林地的植被、土壤和水文条件（入渗能力、蓄水能力）都产生了很大的影响。在以山毛榉等为主的落叶阔叶林组成的5个流域中，部分采伐对林地的植被、土壤和水文条件（入渗能力、蓄水能力）的影响是显著的。在5个流域中，部分采伐对林地的土壤和水文条件（入渗能力、蓄水能力）的影响是显著的 ...更多信息的变化对河流水流状态的影响。五个流域10年采伐面积率均低于10%.采伐对短期径流的影响得到了部分证实，但在长期径流中没有显着差异。森林管理的变化，山地破坏状态和水土流失的大仓大坝上游进行了调查。结果，部分证实了洪水导致的溪海岸滑坡的扩大，但几乎没有证实砍伐区的山坡滑坡。没有显着的相关性被证实之间的沉积砂量坝水库和砍伐面积，砍伐量和林业道路的长度。从以山毛榉等为主体的天然落叶阔叶林的水土保持的观点出发，在理想的管理中考虑了生成无裸露林地、安全可靠地更新林地的预更新系统生成系统。拖拉机破坏林地应引起重视。少