Developmental Physiological Research of Intracellular Dynamic Behaviors of Calcium Ion.

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Roles of calcium ions in maturation, fertilization and cleavage of egg cells, amoeboid movement, protoplasmic streaming, and in excitation of neurons were investigated as follows. 1. A transient increase in intracellular calcium ions was detected in maturation of the starfish oocyte. 2. Simultaneous observation of morphological changes by differential interference microscopy and changes in calcium ion concentration with fluorescent microscopy in sea urchin eggs injected with fluorescent calcium indicator revealed relations between the morphological change and intracellular calcium changes in eggs upon fertilization. 3. Using artificial lipid membrane embedded with membrane fractions isolated from sea urchin eggs which release calcium ions by application of ATP, presence of Ca-, K- and Cl-ion channels in the sea urchin egg membrane was found. 4. A transient increase in calcium ions in newt eggs upon fertilization was shown by the luminescence of aequorin microinjected into the egg. 5. Upon fertilization in hamster eggs. the activation of GTP-binding protein (S), production of inositol triphosphate and release of calcium ions were found. 6. Temporal relationship between intracellularcalcium ions and various events from the attachment of sperm to the egg surface through the breakdown of cortical alveoli was clarified in medaka eggs. 7. Intracellular calciumion concentration rhythmically changed in parallel with cleavage cycle in Xenopus eggs. 8. Intracellular calcium ion concentrat ion in amoeba repeatedly increased at the site of solーgel change near its tail. 9. A new technique to determine calcium ion concentration in cells and tissues was devised. Using this technique, calcium ion concentrations in neurons and at the synaptic regions were determined.