Fundamental Studies on Serotyping and Genetic Recombination of Rotaviruses Isolated from Human and Animals.

轮状病毒（RV）已被认为是人类和动物幼龄急性腹泻的主要致病因子。从外衣壳蛋白和内衣壳蛋白鉴定出RV为5个组、2个亚组和9个血清型。已从人和动物中分离出血清3型或4型RV，这一事实对考虑人类和动物基因重组疫苗具有重要意义。目前的研究是关于RV在人类和动物中的分布和分离株的遗传结构。(1)血清型：从轻马场马驹腹泻粪便中分离到血清3型RV。这是第一例由血清型3引起的马驹腹泻。日本、泰国和孟加拉国腹泻粪便中人RV血清型的分布以1型和2型为主。但其结果显示了当地和年份的相对频率。(2)致病性：接种猪RV后仔猪肠道发生严重变化，2日龄出现腹泻，而不是24日龄出现腹泻。连续给予卵黄或牛初乳免疫球蛋白可预防该病猫模型的RV腹泻或野外病例中的小牛腹泻。(3) RV- rna：鸽子RV的VP6与英国分离的火鸡RV具有相同的抗原性。从人粪便中分离到2株独特的RV菌株；一种是属于I亚群，但具有II亚群典型的“长”RNA模式的RV毒株，另一种是与毒力强的人RV具有90% VP4同源性的RV毒株，其VP7同源性超过98%。

Rotavirus (RV) has been recognized as a major causal agent of acute diarrhea in the youngs of human and animals. From the outer and inner capsid proteins, RV was identified as 5 groups, 2 subgroups, and 9 serotypes. The serotype 3 or 4 RV has been isolated from human and animals, and this fact is most important for the consideration of genetic recombinat vaccine for human and animals. The present study is concerned with distribution of RV in human and animals and the genetic structures of isolates. (1) Serotypes: The serotype 3 RV was isolated from fecal samples of foal diarrhea occurred in light horse farm. This is the first case of foal diarrhea due to serotype 3. The distribution of serotypes of human RV in diarrhea stools from Japan, Thailand and Bangladesh were predominant over serotypes 1 and 2. But its results showed relative frequency in locals and years. (2) Pathogenicity: Severe changes in intestine of gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with porcine RV were observed with diarrhea on 2-day-olds rather than 24-day-olds. Continuous administration of egg yolk or bovine colostral immunoglobulins prevented form RV diarrhea in a cat model of the disease or calf diarrhea in field case. (3) RV-RNA: VP6 of pigeon RV has the same antigenicity as turkey RV isolated in England. Two unique RV strains were isolated from human stools; one is the RV strains which belong to subgroup I but have "long" RNA pattern typical of subgroup II, and the other RV strains which has over 98% VP7 homology to the virulent human RV, since it has 90% VP4 homology to the RV.