Fundamental Studies on Serotyping and Genetic Recombination of Rotaviruses Isolated from Human and Animals.

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Rotavirus (RV) has been recognized as a major causal agent of acute diarrhea in the youngs of human and animals. From the outer and inner capsid proteins, RV was identified as 5 groups, 2 subgroups, and 9 serotypes. The serotype 3 or 4 RV has been isolated from human and animals, and this fact is most important for the consideration of genetic recombinat vaccine for human and animals. The present study is concerned with distribution of RV in human and animals and the genetic structures of isolates. (1) Serotypes: The serotype 3 RV was isolated from fecal samples of foal diarrhea occurred in light horse farm. This is the first case of foal diarrhea due to serotype 3. The distribution of serotypes of human RV in diarrhea stools from Japan, Thailand and Bangladesh were predominant over serotypes 1 and 2. But its results showed relative frequency in locals and years. (2) Pathogenicity: Severe changes in intestine of gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with porcine RV were observed with diarrhea on 2-day-olds rather than 24-day-olds. Continuous administration of egg yolk or bovine colostral immunoglobulins prevented form RV diarrhea in a cat model of the disease or calf diarrhea in field case. (3) RV-RNA: VP6 of pigeon RV has the same antigenicity as turkey RV isolated in England. Two unique RV strains were isolated from human stools; one is the RV strains which belong to subgroup I but have "long" RNA pattern typical of subgroup II, and the other RV strains which has over 98% VP7 homology to the virulent human RV, since it has 90% VP4 homology to the RV.