Biological Function of Lipid Sorting during Membrane Biogenesis

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Research results of each investigators are summarized as follows. (1) CO_2 concentration during growth of Chlorella vulgaris llh affected the lipid metaboftsm in chloroplasts (Kawaguchi). (2) Synechocystis PCC6803 mutants, which were defective in 6 and 12 desaturation of fatty acids, were isolated and the gene, which encodes the 12 desaturase, was isolated (Murata). (3) The structure gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit a of H^+-ATPase from vacuoler membranes of Sacchromyces cerevisiae, was isolated and the nucleotide sequence of this gene was determined (Anraku). (4) A 18-kDa protein, which was identified in peroxisomes, showed the activity of nonspecific lipid-tranfer protein (Kamiryo). (5) Two Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants altered the regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis and defective in phosphatidylserine- biosynthesis were isolated and characterized (Akamatsu). (6) Subcellular distributions of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol synthases in Sacchromyces cerevisiae were analyzed (Shibuya). (7) PEM1 and PEM2 genes, which encode the methyliransferases, were characterized. The nucleotide sequences of the region which regulate the expression of these genes were determined (Yamashita). (8) Cellular expression of glycolipids after oncogene transfection was studied. Oncogene-type specific changes of gangliosides were observed in rat 3Yl cells (Nagai). (9) Fatty acid synthase and acyl-CoA synthetase were isolated from the guinear pig Harderian gland and properties of these enzymes were studied (Seyama). (10) Using hepatitis B virus surface antigene particle, the mechanism of assembly of membrane lipids (Inoue). (11) Several tissues contained their specific fatty acid binding proteins and these tissue-specific fatty acid proteins were characterized (Ono). (12) Amino acid sequences of four nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins from germinating castor bean were determined and these proteins were organ-specifically expressed (Yamada).