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Elementary Hydrologic Processes in Soil- and Atmospheric Sphere Considering the Effects of Root, Stem and Leaf system of Plants

考虑植物根、茎、叶系统影响的土壤和大气层基本水文过程

基本信息

批准号：
63420042
负责人：
HINO M.
金额：
$ 7.23万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Plant is a corridor which connects between the soil-sphere and the atmosphere. Root system acts as a sink of moisture and chemical substances in soil. Leaves act not only as a source of atmospheric moisture by transpiration but also as a sink of CO_2 gas and source O_2 gas into the atmosphere by photosynthesis (absorption of CO_2 and desorption Of O_2 ). Through these processes, plants play an important role to moderate the climate indirectly through evaporation and directly by sheltering. The study aims at establishing the fundamentals of a new hydrogic research field which treats both spheres of soil and atmosphere as a whole.1. Experiment on the micro-hydrological and meteorogical processes by the lysimeters with wind tunnels: Using two set of lysimeters with wind tunnel, one of which is bare soil or turf and on the other of which grass is planted, comparisons are made in terms of the change of distributions of temperature, humidity, CO_2 concentration to evaluate the moderation effect of vegetation. 2. The effect of dry leaves to protect the longwave radiation in calm winter nights has been experimented, comparing with the dry turf field. 3. Numerical Experiment: Numerical model balled NEO SPAM (Soil-Plant-Atmospheric Model) which simulates the hydrologic and meteorological processes in soil, plant and atmospheric environment has been developed. The results of the above mentioned laboratory experiment have been tested by the model. The effective arrangement of plant zone is examined and the relative effect of sheltering and transpiration is simulated to conclude the latter effect is more important.

植物是连接土壤圈和大气的走廊。根系是土壤中水分和化学物质的汇。树叶不仅通过蒸腾作用作为大气水汽的来源，还通过光合作用(吸收CO_2和释放O_2)将CO_2气体和O_2气体输送到大气中。通过这些过程，植物发挥了重要的作用，间接地通过蒸发和直接通过遮蔽来调节气候。这项研究的目的是建立一个新的水能研究领域的基础，该领域将土壤圈和大气层作为一个整体1。利用蒸渗仪进行微水文和气象过程的风洞试验：利用两套蒸渗仪，一套是裸地或草坪，另一套是种草的，通过比较温度、湿度、CO_2浓度的分布变化来评价植被的调节效果。2.在风平浪静的冬夜，进行了干叶对长波辐射的防护效果试验，并与干地进行了比较。3.数值试验：建立了模拟土壤、植物和大气环境中水文和气象过程的球状NEO SPAM(土壤-植物-大气模型)数值模式。用该模型对上述实验室试验结果进行了检验。考察了植被带的有效布局，模拟了遮荫和蒸腾的相对效应，认为后者的作用更为重要。