Research for Conservation and Restoration of Prehistoric Structures in the Cook Islands.

今天，在世界许多地方，口头传统以及许多传统社会的实物文物正在消失。在这两种情况下，由于“现代化”或“工业化”，一旦失去了它们，就没有恢复的可能。考古遗址一旦被摧毁，就无法被取代。对于这些几千年的文化遗产，如何选择合适的保护措施值得慎重考虑。在太平洋国家目前的情况下，文化遗产作为身份创造者的作用越来越重要。库克群岛的人民刚刚开始努力寻找自己的历史，这段历史在很大程度上被西方的影响、基督教化和工业化所摧毁。我们的项目是在库克群岛政府的大力支持下沿着这条线制定的计划。大多数考古环境，如Marae房屋遗址和旧村庄遗址，已经或正在被…由于农业和城市土地的使用而遭到更彻底的破坏，它们在历史和文化方面的意义被库克群岛人民以及知识界和科学界所忽视。因此，我们非常需要对其中一些历史遗迹进行调查，以便将来进行一些重建工作。我们的工作在拉罗通加、普卡普卡、马尼希基、拉卡汉加、汤加雷瓦、曼加亚和艾图塔基岛进行。。4，我们已经发表了对Pukapuka和Mangaia材料的分析研究结果。我们还听取了关于汤加雷瓦、马尼希基和拉卡罕的简要报告。拉罗通加：在对该岛的考古遗址进行普查和测绘后，我们的实地研究战略重点放在阿瓦那山谷地区，并对Marae、居住地和岩石避难所进行了发掘工作。并根据孢粉分析和硅藻分析，对该地区部分沼泽地的环境变迁序列进行了调查。这些结果有望得出拉罗通安史前的标准年代顺序。普卡普卡：普卡普卡考古遗址初步分为三类：1.石碑、神殿和其他仪式遗址。2.居住或定居地点。3.墓地。从每个地点出土的文物显示，这一地区包含可追溯到2310年前的居住地和墓地的遗迹。汤加雷瓦(Penron)：汤加雷瓦的考古遗址包括Marae、龟炉丘和板墙结构。一枚来自单位的三角贝壳。2 At Tautua给出了公元700年和正负GT；75年Manihiki和Rakahanga的碳14年代：1990年和1991年在Manihiki进行了两年的考古调查和发掘，1990年主要在Rakahanga的Te Kainga进行了考古调查和发掘。Manihiki和Rakahanga上的考古遗址包括Marae、房屋人行道、坟墓、烤箱土堆等。较少

Today, in many parts of world, the oral traditions, as well as the physical artifacts of many traditional societies are vanishing. In both cases, once they have been lost, due to "modernization" or "industrialization", there is no possibility for recovery. Once archaeological sites are destroyed, they can not be replaced. Careful consideration should be given to the proper choice of protective measures for these cultural heritages from many thousands years old.In present condition in the Pacific countries, the cultural heritages are getting more important as identity maker. People of the Cook Islands have just started their efforts to find the own history which was for the most part destroyed by the Western impacts, Christianization and industrialization. Our project was made up the plans along with this line by great supporting of the gorernment of the Cook Islands.Most archaeological environments, e. g. Marae house sites and old village sites, have been or are in the process of being … More completely destroyed by agricultural and urban land usage, and their significance from a historical and cultural point of view lost to the Cook Islands people and to the intellectual and scientific world. there is, therefore, a great need to survey some of these historical sites for some future reconstruction works.Our work was carried out at Rarotonga, Pukapuka, Manihiki, Rakahanga, Tongareva, Mangaia, and Aitutaki island. . 4, nd we already published the results of analytical studies on the material from Pukapuka and Mangaia. We also had brief reports on Tongareva, Manihiki and Rakahanga.Rarotonga : After general survey and mapping of archaeological sites in the island, our field research strategy focused on Avana valley area, and excavation works have done on marae, dwelling sites and rock-shelter sites. We also had investigation for the sequence of environmental changes based on the pollen analysis and the diatoms analysis at some swamps in the area. Standard chronological orders of the Rarotongan prehistory are expected to come out from these results.Pukapuka : Archaeological sites on Pukapuka were tentatively classified into three groups :1. Stone monuments, Shrines and other ceremonial sites. 2. Habitation or settlement sites. 3. Burial sites. Artifacts excavated from each location revealed that this area contained the remains of occupations and burial grounds which dated back to 2310 years ago.Tongareva (Penrhyn) : The archaeological sites of Tongareva comprise the marae, turtle oven mounds and the slab-walled structures. One of tridacna shell from Unit. 2 at Tautua has given a carbon-14 date of A. D. 700<plus-minus>75 YearManihiki and Rakahanga : Archaeological survey and excavation was extensively conducted on Manihiki for two years, 1990 and 1991, and also was mainly at Te Kainga on Rakahanga in 1990. The archaeological sites on Manihiki and Rakahanga comprise the Marae, house pavement, graves, oven mounds, and so on. Less