Resarch on High-Intensity Proton Beam Lines

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During the last two physical years of a Grant under The Monbusho International Scientific Field Research, we have visited the following 10 major accelerator facilities with strong beam currents and/or high energies in Europe and North America :LAMPF (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA)BNL (Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, USA)FNAL (Fermi National Laboratory, USA)LBL (University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA)TRIUMF (Tri-University Meson Facilities, Canada)ISIS (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom)SATURNE (SATURNE National Laboratory, France)DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, West Germany)PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland)CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland).From these Field Researches, we have learned the important handling techniques to accelerate proton beams with high energy and strong currents, which can be summarized as following :1) In the design and construction stage, handling of accelerator components and the reduction of radiation dose and field must be taken care of.2) Utilizing radiation-resistant materials for accelerator components, it is important to construct a maintenance-free beam line.3) In the case of maintenance, each component can be accessed remotely.