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Comparative Studies on the Urban Problem and Ethnicity in the Middle East and the Soviet Union.

中东与苏联城市问题与民族比较研究。

基本信息

批准号：
01044029
负责人：
YAMAUCHI Masayuki
金额：
$ 13.63万
依托单位：
Tokyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In our comparative studies on the urban problem and ethnicity in the Middle East and the Soviet Union, we studied on the correlation between the recent urbanization and the transformation of ethnic communities. We had field researches at many cities in the Middle East and the Soviet Union in which we had chances to be acquainted with the present condition of the urban problem.The urbanization and the growth of cities which are under way in the regions changed the structure and function of the cities. We studied, for instance, the governmental policy on the economical development for the cities in the Soviet Union which resulted in the transformation of ethnic communities and consequently created the conflicts between the different ethnic communities.The consciousness of the difference between the ethnic communities strengthened the identity of communities. By this reason, we considered the development of nationalism in the regions. In one of case studies, we delineated the history of the Turkish nationalist movement and its impact on the Turkish people in Central Asia of the Soviet Union. We also studied on the role of the religions such as Islam, Armenian Orthodox and Greek Orthodox in integrating the community. Because religious movement is acquiring political strength among the ethnic communities in recent years.Analyzing the commerce, long-distance trade, Turkish migration to Germany, pilgrimage to Mecca, we studied the communication networks between the cities. The communication networks link the cities and contribute to the integration of the same ethnic community scattered in various regions. Thus we find the commonness on the urban problem in the different cities.

在我们对中东和苏联的城市问题和民族性的比较研究中，我们研究了最近的城市化与民族社区转型的相关性。我们在中东和苏联的许多城市进行了实地考察，有机会了解城市问题的现状。这些地区正在进行的城市化和城市的发展改变了城市的结构和功能。例如，我们研究了苏联政府关于城市经济发展的政策，它导致了民族社区的转变，从而造成了不同民族社区之间的冲突。由此，我们思考了民族主义在这些地区的发展。在其中一个案例研究中，我们描绘了土耳其民族主义运动的历史及其对苏联中亚地区土耳其人民的影响。我们还研究了伊斯兰教、亚美尼亚东正教和希腊东正教等宗教在融合社区方面的作用。由于宗教运动近年来在各民族社区中获得了政治力量，通过对商业、长途贸易、土耳其移民到德国、前往麦加朝圣的分析，我们研究了城市之间的通信网络。交通网络将城市联系在一起，有助于分散在不同地区的同一民族社区的融合。因此，我们发现不同城市在城市问题上的共性。