Survey of Generic Technology Research in Japanese Universities

本研究的目的是考察日本大学共性技术的发展，分析其背景，明确大学在共性技术发展中的作用和贡献。该研究项目已经持续了两年，最终报告于今年发表。以下是报告内容的缩写。在第一章中，通过对相关文献的调查和与华盛顿科学政策制定者的讨论，明确了“通用技术”一词在美国的含义。很明显，这个词是在政策制定者中使用的，而不是在科技界。第二章列举了日本大学发明共性技术的典型案例。该名单是由学术团体和政府机关的获奖者名单以及推荐大学院长和校长的名单中选出的。第三章通过对上述案例的分析，提取共性技术的特征。在第四章和第五章中，对日本大学的院长和主任进行的关于大学内部基础设施的问卷调查的结果，这些基础设施被认为是产生通用技术所必需的。

The purpose of this research is to investigate development of generic technology in Japanese universities, to analyze the background and to make clear the role and the contribution of universities. The research project has been continued two years and the final report is published this year. In the following the content of the report is abbreviated.In the first chapter, the meaning of the word "generic technology" in the United States is made clear through the survey of relating literature and the discussion with the science policy makers Washington. It becomes clear that the word is used among policy makers rather than science and technology world.In the second chapter, typical examples of the generic technology invented in the Japanese universities are listed. The list is made through selection from the list of award winners from academic societies and government agencies and those who recommended deans and directors in universities.In the third chapter, features which characterize the generic technology is extracted by analyzing the cases included in the above mentioned list.In the forth and fifth chapters, the outcome of questionaire survey done to the deans and directors in the Japanese universities with respect to the infra-structures within the universities which are thought to be essential for the generation of generic technology.