Inter-and Intra-Cohort Comparisons on Life Course Patterns in a Long-Lived Society

该项目于1989年和1990年在福岛市进行了两波实地调查。第一波调查样本为879名男性和女性，出生于1914年至1958年，年龄在74岁至30岁之间。他们是从居民登记册上随机抽样的。他们被问及他们的学历、教育、职业、家庭职业发展、家庭、健康、社会经济地位史等项目，以及他们从出生到观察点对生活的态度和评估，基本上是使用结构化问卷。1990年进行的第二波实地调查收集了他们对个人生活过程的主观感知的生活史数据，对前一年参与研究的一部分样本(男性和女性)进行了调查。1991年，一份名为《生活在昭和时代的人：五个连续队列中的人生历程比较》的研究报告问世。Finding…更多：这个项目研究了人们在一生中每个特定阶段(例如，青年时期、成年初期、成年期和退休后的晚年)中的角色获得和丧失、角色时机和顺序以及角色转换。由于生活过程模式中的许多变化是社会结构的，这个项目研究了人们的生活如何依赖于他们扮演的特定角色、他们遇到的情况、对他们来说变得重要的其他人，以及这些其他人反过来如何行动、思考这项研究发现了一系列关于人们在他们遇到的特定社会和历史情况下形成他们的生命历程的发现。将描述几个关于队列间差异和队列内差异的研究结果。在从青年到成年早期的过渡中，规范的顺序模式非常普遍。随着队列的年轻化，有越来越多的人倾向于规范的生活模式(过渡事件的顺序--学校完成f=全职工作参与-结婚)。女性规范模式的出现和加速流行观察到女性群体之间的巨大变化，事实是，在年轻群体中，规范转变模式的比率急剧增加，迅速接近男性模式。3.反转在早期和后期的生活转变中都是重要的。当个人因年龄而从一个角色转移到另一个角色时，他们的另一个重要角色经历了相应的转变，例如配偶的疾病或死亡，或者家庭危机，如父母的离婚或童年时的死亡，需要所有家庭成员同时转变，对个人的生活产生复杂的经济、社会和心理后果。较少

This project carried out the two waves of field surveys in Fukushima city in 1989 and 1990. The sample of first wave survey numbered 879 male and female, who were born between 1914 and 1958, their ages expnanded between 74 and 30 years old. They were sampled randomly from residents' registers. They were asked for the items on their redidential, educational, occupational, familial career development, household, health, socioeconomic status history, as well as their attitudes and assessment for their lives from their birth up to the point of observation, basically using the structured questionaires. The second wave of field survey conducted in 1990 collected their life history data on subjective perceptions of individuals' life course were conducted to a part of the sample who had participated in the former year's research (120 male and female). In 1991, a research report "People Who Lived the Drastic Era of Showa : A Life Course Comparion among Five Successive Cohorts" came out.Findings … More :This project studied people's role gain and lost, role timing and sequencing, and role transitions in each particular phase (for exapmple, In the youth, early adulthood, adulthood, and later years after retirement) over the life span.Since much of the variability in life course patterns is socially structured, this project examined how people's lives depend on the particular roles they play, the situations they encounter, the others who become significant to them, and how these others in turn act, think, and feel.This research found out a body of findings about people's formation of their life course in a particular social and historical situation they encountered. A few of findings on inter-cohort difference and intra-cohort differentiation will be described.1. Great prevalence of the normatively sequencing pattern in transition from youth to early adulthood.As the cohort gets younger, there is an increasing tendency toward the normative life pattern (ordered sequence of transitional events --school completion of f=full-time job participation-getting married).2. Emergence of women's normative pattern and accelerating PrvalenceGreat change between the female cohorts is observed in the fact that in the young cohorts the rate of the normative transition pattern registered a sharp increase, rapidly approximation to the male pattern. 3. Counter-transition is significant in both early and later life transitions in particular.As individuals move because of aging from one role to another, their significant other undergo counterpart transitions, for example, desease or death of one's spouse, or a family crisis, such as parent's divorce or death in one's childhood, requires simultaneous transitions by all family members, with complex economic and social as well as psychological consequences foe the lives of the individuals. Less