Development of Japanese American Farmers' Commnunity in North America

北美日裔美国农民社区的发展

• 批准号: 01510124
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Takeo
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Kwansei Gakuin University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01510124/
• 关键词: Assimilation; Japanese immigrant press; Community; Organization; Group; Process; 移動; 階層

(1) One of the purposes of this research was to examine the philosophy of Kyutaro Abiko who advocated the Japanese settlement in American society as opposed to the tendency of the Japanese to move as sojourners to the North American Continent, which lasted until approximately 1906. The other purpose was to investigate the historical documents to increase our knowledge related to two of the three colonies which he built there ; they were the Yamato Colony and the Cortez Colony. Those two colonies are geographically close to each other and they were engaged in the similar type of agriculture, but they were not tied with friendly relationships and there were little interaction between these two communities. One of the reasons was related to the fact that the former was a group of Christians with higher education, while the latter included many Buddhists and the members were of various levels of education. Another was thirteen years difference between the foundation of each colony. Through … More years of hardwork, the people of the Yamato Colony already had established a good relationship with the surrounding American society, and they feared the relation would be damaged by the interaction with the new Japanese colony which might cause a new wave of conflict with Americans living there. In other words, the change of relationship with the encompassing society drew a line between the two Japanese colonies. On the other hand, the newcomers modeled themselves after the early settlers and where were similarities in the organizations of the two colonies.(2) Along with Kyutaro Abiko's advocacy, the Japanese immigrants began to settle down in certain areas as they turned from farmhands to leaseholders or owners of farmland, although the settlement didn't necessarily mean their permanent stay in the host society. With the settlement, they organized associations of people from Japan, agricultural cooperatives, various guildlike structures, churches, Japanese language schools, etc. The formation of a Japanese community was seen in the accumulation of these small groups and was in existence around 1908.(3) The birth and growth of the Japanese community is, in some measure, seen in the Japanese immigrant press. Around the turn of the century, the immigrant newspapers which heavily emphasized political discussions declined, and were taken over by commercial, news-oriented newspapers which had a more socializing function. Due to the difficulty of obtaining Abiko's Nichibei, the Rafu Shimpo was examined in this research as one of the most influential newspapers in the Japanese community. The collected data of the Rafu Shimpo indicated the growth of the Japanese community through circulation and the frequency of publication. The result of the survey in 1983 shows the ironical change of the immigrant press that functioned as a socializing vehicle for the immigrants, but eventually declined with the assimilation of their readers into the American society. Less

(1)本研究的目的之一是考察阿备子久太郎的哲学，他主张日本人在美国社会定居，反对日本人作为旅居者移居北美大陆的趋势，这种趋势一直持续到1906年左右。另一个目的是调查历史文献，以增加我们对他在那里建立的三个殖民地中的两个殖民地的了解;他们是大和殖民地和科尔特斯殖民地。这两个殖民地在地理上彼此接近，他们从事类似的农业，但他们没有友好的关系，这两个社区之间几乎没有互动。其中一个原因是，前者是一群受过高等教育的基督徒，而后者包括许多佛教徒，成员的教育程度各不相同。另一个是每个殖民地建立的时间相差13年。通过 ...更多信息 经过多年的努力，大和殖民地人民已经与周边的美国社会建立了良好的关系，他们担心这种关系会因与新的日本殖民地的互动而受到破坏，从而可能引发与居住在那里的美国人的新一轮冲突。换句话说，与周边社会关系的变化在两个日本殖民地之间划出了一条界线。另一方面，新移民模仿早期定居者，在两个殖民地的组织中有相似之处。(2)沿着阿备子久太郎的倡导，日本移民开始在某些地区定居，他们从农场工人变成了农场的租赁者或所有者，尽管定居并不一定意味着他们在东道国社会的永久居留。随着定居，他们组织了来自日本的人，农业合作社，各种行会结构，教堂，日语学校等的协会，日本社区的形成是在这些小团体的积累中看到的，并在1908年左右存在。(3)日本社区的诞生和成长，在某种程度上，可以从日本移民新闻中看到。在世纪之交，以政治讨论为主的移民报纸逐渐衰落，并被更具社会功能的商业性新闻报纸所取代。由于很难获得Abiko的《日兵卫》，本研究将《拉夫新报》作为日本社区最有影响力的报纸之一进行了研究。《拉夫新报》收集的数据表明，通过发行量和出版频率，日本社区的增长。1983年的调查结果显示，作为移民社会化工具的移民报刊，随着其读者逐渐融入美国社会而走向衰落，这是一个具有讽刺意味的变化。少