Research on Travel Image in the 18th-19th Russian Literature

对旅游影像进行历时性和共时性的研究是不可缺少的。任何时期的旅行图像都只能通过其拓扑语义来理解，拓扑语义是给定时间的传统制度和新趋势的复杂性。以下是俄罗斯旅游拓扑的常规和基本元素列表：俄罗斯从东欧到西伯利亚广阔而多为平坦的地形所形成的独特的空间形象或空间感。与欧洲国家的文化关系很少给予，大多接受。3. 而在俄罗斯境内的朝觐也超越了按照正统传统的界限。4. 贵族的文明生活和农奴、农民的传统乡村生活的双重文化形成。5. 对专制压迫的逃避。6. 流放到西伯利亚。卡拉姆津的《俄罗斯旅行者书信集》中的主人公为访问欧洲国家的俄罗斯人树立了榜样。拉迪舍夫的《从彼得堡到莫斯科的旅程》中的旅行者为知识分子团体与农民和农奴接触提供了一个很好的例子。在旅行意象方面，俄罗斯文学也受到欧洲思潮的影响，但同时又形成了自己鲜明的特点。在多索夫斯基的《未成熟的青春》中，我们可以看到两种典型的俄罗斯旅行者，一种是信仰上帝的前农奴朝圣者，另一种是没有信仰的高贵流浪者。

Concerning travel images it is indispensable to study diachronially as well as synchronically. Travel images of any period are comprehensible only with their topological semantics which is a complexity of conventional institutions and new tendencies of that given time. The following is the list of the conventional and essential elements of Russian travel topology:1. The unique space image or space sense caused by the vast and mostly flat terrain of Russia from Eastern Europe to Siberia. 2. The rarely giving and mostly accepting cultural relationship with European countries. 3. The pilgrimage in Russia as well as beyond the boundaries according to the orthodox tradition. 4. The double cultural formation of the civilized life of noblemen and the conventional village life of serfs and peasants. 5. The escapism from despotic oppressions. 6. Exile punishments to Siberia.The hero of N.M.Karamzin's Letters from Russian Traveler afforded a model image to Russians visiting European countries. The traveler of A.N.Radishchev's The Journey from Petersberg to Moscow gave a good example to intelligentsia groups for their contacting themselves with peasants and serfs.As for travel images Russian literature was also under the influence of European trends, but at the same time it developed its own distinctive features.In Dosoevsky's A Raw Youth we can find two types of typical Russian travelers, a former serf pilgrim believing in God and a noble wanderer without belief.