Crystallography of Thin Metal Film Deposited onto Planar and Spherical Metal Substrates

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During the two-year period of this project, the following achievements have been made.1. A new deposition apparatus with better vacuum has been constructed using the equipment budgets of this Grant-in-Aid.2. Copper and iron were chosen, one as a deposit crystal and the other as a substrate crystal. (1) Familiar orientation relationships, such as the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) relationship, were found between deposit and substrate crystals when low-index substrate planes were used. On the other hand, several new orientation relationships were found to exist on some higher-index substrate planes. (2) Iron deposited on copper as thin film layers with domain structure. However, copper deposited on iron as many fine islands.3. Iron was deposited on an [001]-oriented needle-like specimen of copper. The semi-spherical tip of the specimen was examined on a field-ion microscope (FIM). It has been found that four separate regions of iron film exist around the [001] pole and each region shows the K-S relationship to the copper substrate.4. In the light of the experimental results, the following three factors have been identified critical in determining epitaxial relationships on given substrate orientations: (1) the Bain correspondence between the two crystals, (2) the good matching of the two crystals at the interface, and (3) minimization of misfit strain energy.5. Using the infinitesimal-deformation approach, the crystallography of martensites or precipitates in a bulk material has also been discussed theoretically.