Activity Measurements of Liquid Indium-Typical Metal and Thallium-Typical Metal Alloys using the Galvanic Cells with EMF Methods

液态铟基和铊基合金的活度不仅从它们在有色金属冶炼过程中作为杂质的行为的观点来看是重要的，而且从液态合金的物理化学的观点来看也是重要的。因此，我们用氧化锆和熔盐电解质的原电池，用电动势测量法研究了液态铟典型金属和铊典型金属合金的活度，所得结果如下：（1）分别在1000 K和1200 K，750 K和1000 K下测定了液态Sb-Tl和Bi-Tl合金中两组分的活度，表示在整个浓度范围内与拉乌尔定律的负偏差。Bi-Tl合金的两个组分的活度比Sb-Tl合金的两个组分的活度具有适度大的负偏差。(2)在900 K和1200 K时，液态Bi-In合金中铟和铋的活度几乎在整个浓度范围内都偏离拉乌尔定律。的活动 ...更多信息 Sb-In合金的两个分量的负偏差比Bi-In合金的负偏差大。在1050 K和1250 K下，铟和铜的活度对拉乌尔定律的偏离在富铟区为正，在富铜区为负。根据Engel的合金溶液理论，讨论了IB金属（Cu、Ag和Au）与铟组成的液态合金的活度。(3)在1000 K和1200 K，900 K和950 K下，In和Tl在液态Te-In和Te-Tl合金中的活度分别在富碲区表现出较大的负偏离拉乌尔定律，在富铟区和富铊区表现出显著的负偏离理想值。在相同温度下，碲的活度在整个浓度范围内均负偏离拉乌尔定律。(4)在整个成分范围内，上述合金的两组元活度随温度的升高均接近理想线。少

Activities of liquid indium-base and thallium-base alloys are important not only from the standpoint of their behavior as impurities during nonferrous smelting but also of the physical chemistry of liquid alloys. Therefore, a study of activities of the liquid indium-typical metal and thallium-typical metal alloys has been carried out by the emf measurements using the Galvanic cells with zirconia and fused-salt electrolytes.The results obtained are summarized as follows ;(1) The activities of both components at 1000 K and 1200 K, 750 K and 1000 K in the liquid Sb-Tl and Bi-Tl alloys, respectively, indicate negative deviations from Raoult's law over the whole concentration ranges. The activities of both components for the Bi-Tl alloys exhibit moderately greater negative deviations than those for the Sb-Tl alloys.(2) Activities of indium and bismuth at 900 K and 1200 K in the liquid Bi-In alloys showed negative deviations from Raoult's law almost whole concentration range. The activities … More of both components for the Sb-In alloys exhibit more negative deviations than those for the Bi-In alloy. Deviations of the activities of indium and copper from Raoult's law at 1050 K and 1250 K are positive for the indium-rich region and are negative for the copper-rich side of the liquid Cu-In alloys. Activities of liquid alloys composed of IB metals (Cu, Ag and Au) and indium have been discussed in terms of the alloy solution theory of Engel.(3) The activities of indium and thallium at 1000 K and 1200 K, 900 K and 950 K in the liquid Te-In and Te-Tl alloys, respectively, show large negative deviations from Raoult's law in the tellurium-rich regions and remarkable negative to positive deviations from ideality in the indium-rich and thallium-rich regions. The activities of tellurium at the same temperatures exhibits negative deviations from Raoult's law over the whole concentration ranges.(4) The activities of both components for all the alloys mentioned above approach the ideal lines with increasing temperature within the whole composition ranges. Less