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Activity Measurements of Liquid Indium-Typical Metal and Thallium-Typical Metal Alloys using the Galvanic Cells with EMF Methods

使用原电池和 EMF 方法测量液态铟典型金属和铊典型金属合金的活性

基本信息

批准号：
63550482
负责人：
KAMEDA Kazuo
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Activities of liquid indium-base and thallium-base alloys are important not only from the standpoint of their behavior as impurities during nonferrous smelting but also of the physical chemistry of liquid alloys. Therefore, a study of activities of the liquid indium-typical metal and thallium-typical metal alloys has been carried out by the emf measurements using the Galvanic cells with zirconia and fused-salt electrolytes.The results obtained are summarized as follows ;(1) The activities of both components at 1000 K and 1200 K, 750 K and 1000 K in the liquid Sb-Tl and Bi-Tl alloys, respectively, indicate negative deviations from Raoult's law over the whole concentration ranges. The activities of both components for the Bi-Tl alloys exhibit moderately greater negative deviations than those for the Sb-Tl alloys.(2) Activities of indium and bismuth at 900 K and 1200 K in the liquid Bi-In alloys showed negative deviations from Raoult's law almost whole concentration range. The activities … More of both components for the Sb-In alloys exhibit more negative deviations than those for the Bi-In alloy. Deviations of the activities of indium and copper from Raoult's law at 1050 K and 1250 K are positive for the indium-rich region and are negative for the copper-rich side of the liquid Cu-In alloys. Activities of liquid alloys composed of IB metals (Cu, Ag and Au) and indium have been discussed in terms of the alloy solution theory of Engel.(3) The activities of indium and thallium at 1000 K and 1200 K, 900 K and 950 K in the liquid Te-In and Te-Tl alloys, respectively, show large negative deviations from Raoult's law in the tellurium-rich regions and remarkable negative to positive deviations from ideality in the indium-rich and thallium-rich regions. The activities of tellurium at the same temperatures exhibits negative deviations from Raoult's law over the whole concentration ranges.(4) The activities of both components for all the alloys mentioned above approach the ideal lines with increasing temperature within the whole composition ranges. Less

液态铟基和铊基合金的活度不仅对它们在有色金属冶炼过程中作为杂质的行为具有重要意义，而且对液态合金的物理化学也具有重要意义。因此，利用氧化锆和熔盐电解质原电池进行电动势测量，研究了液态铟典型金属和铊典型金属合金的活性。所得结果总结如下：(1) Sb-Tl和Bi-Tl合金液中两组分在1000 K和1200 K、750 K和1000 K时的活度在整个浓度范围内均与Raoult定律呈负偏离。与Sb-Tl合金相比，Bi-Tl合金两组分的活度表现出较大的负偏差。(2)液相铋合金中铟和铋在900 K和1200 K时的活度几乎在整个浓度范围内都与Raoult定律呈负偏差。与Bi-In合金相比，Sb-In合金两组分的活度均呈现出更大的负偏差。在1050 K和1250 K时，铟和铜的活度偏离Raoult定律，富铟区是正的，富铜区是负的。用恩格尔的合金溶液理论讨论了由铜、银、金等IB金属和铟组成的液态合金的活度。(3)液态Te-In和Te-Tl合金在1000 K和1200 K、900 K和950 K时，铟和铊的活度在富碲区与Raoult定律有较大的负偏离，在富铟区和富铊区与理想状态有显著的负向正偏离。在相同温度下，碲的活度在整个浓度范围内与拉乌尔定律呈负偏差。(4)在整个成分范围内，随着温度的升高，两种组分的活性均接近理想线。少