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A Study on the Management System of Drainage in the Watersheds Being Urbanized

城市化流域排水管理体制研究

基本信息

批准号：
63560227
负责人：
HATA Takeshi
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Kobe University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63560227/
关键词：
runnoff model,urbanization,water pollution,water management

项目摘要

The effect of urbanization to water discharge and water quality causes various problems. The staffs at the Land improvement Districts (LlDs) which are engaged in the management of agricultural water use are to struggle with the drainage water and garbage that flow into the irrigation and drainage canals from the urbanized areas. Because of the urbanization without suitable drainage system, the danger of flood and polution of water is increasing. The LlDs in these areas are having hard time and pay tremendous cost cost every year for the maintenance of their canal system.The revised distributed storage model is proposed and applied to the watersheds for forecasting and controlling the water runoff from such altered land use. The measure of the applicability of the model shows good values both in the calibration and verification periods. For the water quality problems the effects of the nonpoint sources are difficult to be estimated. The unit loads for the point and nonpoint sources are estimated by using the multiple regression analyses, and their changes in the time base are also calculated. The possibility of 'water planning for a watershed' based on these models is discussed for the protection of water area.The state of water reflects our culture. If management systems fail to protect the water environment, the urbanized area and the newly developed area will become unattractive. Some methods are proposed for the preservation of water in the areas being developed. It is emphasized that creating networks of attractive maternal waters and the surrounding areas promote sensitivity to natural resources and humanity. It is the ultimate goal of environmental protection, and we could expect through this sensitivity to enter into a new stage of our culture.

城市化对水排放和水质的影响引发了各种问题。从事农业用水管理的土地改良区（Land improvement District，LLD）的工作人员要与从城市化地区流入灌溉和排水渠的排水和垃圾作斗争。由于城市化进程中没有适当的排水系统，洪水和水污染的危险性正在增加。针对这些地区的土地利用现状，提出了一种改进的分布式蓄能模型，并将其应用于小流域土地利用变更后的径流预测与控制。该模型的适用性的措施显示出良好的值在校准和验证期间。对于水质问题，非点源的影响难以估计。用多元回归分析方法估算了点源和非点源的单位负荷，并计算了它们在时基上的变化。在此基础上，探讨了“流域水规划”的可能性，以保护水域。如果管理系统不能保护水环境，城市化地区和新开发地区将变得没有吸引力。提出了一些方法来保护正在开发的地区的水资源。报告强调，建立有吸引力的母沃茨和周围地区网络有助于提高对自然资源和人类的敏感性。这是环境保护的最终目标，我们可以期待通过这种敏感性进入我们文化的新阶段。