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Development of New Electrical Resistivity Method for Soil Survey

土壤测量新电阻率方法的开发

基本信息

批准号：
63860030
负责人：
NAGAHORI Kinzo
金额：
$ 5.57万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A method to investigate the geological formation structure by measuring and analyzing earth electrical resistivity has been known well as the specific resistivity method. Now it is the most important method for underground sensing technology as well as the artificial seismic method. Recently they are also progressing more rapidly corresponding to development of computer technology, mew sensors and many measurement instruments. In this research we try to apply these techniques to soil survey and to develop a new method for it. The outline is as follows.1. Soil electric resistivity varies, closely related with physical and chemical characteristic of soil. First, relations between electric resistivity of soil, pore structure, grain size, physio-chemical properties of mineral surface, and soil structure (dispersion and aggregation system) are investigated and discussed. Then, it is concluded that the electrical resistivity would be very useful index in soil survey.2. Wenner Method and Shulunberger Method are generally applied to measure and analyze the earth electric resistivity. These methods require much experiences in analysis of observed apparent resistivity, and personal error is tend to be included depending on skill of analyst. Then, the new method is developed to analyze observed data automatically excluding human factor as possible.3. As conventional methods are generally applied to the geological survey, the objective geological formation is deep. But in soil survey the objective soil strata are relatively sallow on the contrary, and it is important to survey in wide horizontal extent. Under consideration of these conditions, a new method for soil survey using the electric potential distribution in place of electric current in conventional method is developed.4. The new method and conventional ones are compared and evaluated in field application test. Characteristics of these methods are discussed.

通过测量和分析地电阻率来调查地质地层结构的方法被称为比电阻率法。它与人工地震方法一样，是目前地下传感技术中最重要的方法。近年来，随着计算机技术、新型传感器和多种测量仪器的发展，它们也在迅速发展。本研究尝试将这些技术应用于土壤调查中，探索土壤调查的新方法，主要内容如下：1.土壤电阻率的变化与土壤的理化性质密切相关。首先，研究和讨论了土壤的电阻率、孔隙结构、粒度、矿物表面的物理化学性质与土壤结构（分散和聚集系统）之间的关系。从而得出电阻率在土壤测量中是非常有用的指标.温纳法和舒伦伯格法是测量和分析大地电阻率的常用方法。这些方法对视电阻率观测值的分析要求很高，而且由于分析人员的技术水平不同，往往存在人为误差。在此基础上，提出了一种新的方法，尽可能排除人为因素，实现了对观测数据的自动分析.地质调查一般采用常规方法，目的地质层较深。但在土壤测量中，目的土层相对灰黄色，在较宽的水平范围内进行测量是十分重要的。在此基础上，提出了用电位分布代替传统的电流法进行土壤测量的新方法.在现场应用试验中，对新方法与常规方法进行了对比和评价。这些方法的特点进行了讨论。