Studies on the development of production technique of agriculture and animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia

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Since 1989, this research project has been conducted to investigate regional differences with regard to soils, grass vegetation, livestock farming and milk processing in three typical area of the extensive grassland zone of Inner Mongolia, China.Field investigations of the first year were carried out on grassland of Urad Central Banner (Bayan Nuur League) located on the north of Yinshan mountains. This area was extreme drying climate that annual rainfall was less than 200mm. Therefore, soil characteristics were very poor and the depression of plant vigor in grassland was observed. Major livestock were goats. Soil management systems and the control of grazing intensity to improve inferior grass vegetation have been attempted.The second year's research on West Ujimqin Banner and Xilin Hot City (Xilin Gol League) showed that these area was the leading grassland in China where deep brown soil distributed widely. With measuring botanical composition, dominant plant found to be Aneureolepidi … More um chinese. Traditional livestock farming and milk processing techniques of the Mongols, who created unique milk-using culture, have been maintained in these area and their techniques were investigated. Microbiological aspects of Inner Mongolian cheese, hurood were also studied and found to be useful in improving traditional processing techniques.In the third year's research on Ergun Right Banner and Ewenkizu Autonomous Banner (Hulunbuir League), where annual rainfall was most abundant among three research area, the existence of salinized grassland owing to overgrazing, which was sandwiched in excellent pasture land of dark brown soil was found. Major breeds of livestock were Sanhe horses, Sanhe cattle and Mongolian sheep. These breeds are adaptable to Inner Mongolian climate and have valuable genetic resources such as cold tolerance, rough grazing tolerance and disease resistance. However, these livestock which were bred by natural mating were remarkably inferior in productivity and quality to improved foreign breeds. Less