A study of intraspecific variation and phylogenetic relationships by the analysis of karyotype and isozyme in Allium schoenoprasum

本试验旨在阐明含小葱和韭菜的葱属植物的种内变异。现就细胞遗传学实验结果作一综述。(1)共收获浅月47株，韭菜8个品种。(1)染色体数目：除一个品系有2株2n=16+lB外，几乎所有品系均为二倍体（2n=16）或三倍体（2n=24）。所有韭菜植株均为二倍体（2n=16）。(2)花粉育性和PMC减数分裂：一些二倍体品系的花粉育性较低，但这些品系在四分体时期开始有规律的减数分裂。(3) c带核型：对4个韭菜品种10株、14株二倍体和6株三倍体小黄菜进行了检测。(i)在朝木二倍体中，经c显带鉴定出8条较短的v型染色体。这些二倍体植物根据8条显带模式分为两组，其中更多的是v型染色体。形态学观察表明，两个二倍体组的花粉育力、株高、分蘖和花器官均存在差异。在三倍体中，较短的12条v形染色体被鉴定为c带。（ii）在韭菜中，8条较短的v型染色体是可区分的，但它们的显带模式在单株间是不同的。（iii）在F_1杂交植株（韭菜X日月，日月X韭菜；2n=16）的c带核型中，所鉴定的8条染色体长度上，韭菜的染色体总体上短于日月。虽然F_1杂交植株的减数分裂行为表明，浅月和韭菜都有一组8条同源染色体，但在c带核型中并不总是明确的。(3)对部分草木和韭菜品系或植株成熟叶片过氧化物酶同工酶谱进行了研究。浅草和韭菜各有一条特征带，不同品系或不同植物间特征带的密度和是否存在另一条特征带不同。少

This experiment was carried out in order to elucidate the intraspecific variation in Allium schoenoprasum which contains both Asatsuki and chives. The results are summarized in the following, mainly about cytogenetic experiment.(1) 47 strains of Asatsuki and 8 cultivars of chives were collected.(2) Cytogenetic observation (1) Chromosome number : Almost strains of Asatsuki were either diploid (2n=16) or triploid (2n=24), besides two plants of a strain being 2n=16+lB. All plants of chives were diploid (2n=16). (2) Pollen fertility and PMC meiosis : Some diploid strains of Asatsuki had low pollen fertility but these plants showed the regular meiosis till the tetrad stage. (3) C-banded karyotype : 14 diploid and 6 triploid strains of Asatsuki, 10 plants of 4 cultivars of chives were examined. (i) In diploids of Asatsuki, the eight shorter V-shaped chromosomes were identified after C-banding. These diploid plants were divided into two groups according to the banding pattern of the eight sho … More rter V-shaped chromosomes. As a result of morphological observation, pollen fertility, plant height, tillering and the flower organs were different between the two diploid groups. In triploids, the shorter 12 V-shaped chromosomes were identified with C-banding. (ii) In chives, the eight shorter V-shaped chromosomes were distinguishable, but their banding patterns were different among individual plants. (iii) In C-banded karyotypes of F_1 hybrid plants (chives X Asatsuki, Asatsuki X chives ; 2n=16), as for the length of 8 chromosomes which were identified, on the whole, the chromosomes of chives were shorter than Asatsuki. Although the meiotic behaviors of F_1 hybrid plants suggested that both of Asatsuki and chives had a set of 8 homologous chromosomes, this was not always clear in C-banded karyotypes.(3) Peroxidase isozyme pattern in mature leaves were examined in some strains or plants of Asatsuki and chives. Each of Asatsuki and chives had one characteristic band, the density of which bands and the presence of another band were different among some strains or plants. Less