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Uptake and Assimilation of Nitrate by Crop Plants and its Regulation

作物对硝酸盐的吸收、同化及其调控

基本信息

批准号：
01560022
负责人：
YOSHIDA Ryuji
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Toyama Prefectural University (1990-1991)富山県立大谷短期大学 (1989)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The reduction of nitrate pool-size in plant tissues contributes greatly to the production of harmless vegetables and an increase of the utilization efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen. We proposed the practical technique for the reduction of nitrate pool-size in radish, chinese mustard and spinach, especially by using of cytokinin, B-vitamins and organic fertilizer.1. Nitrite and nitrate ions in water-extract obtained from each vegetable dry tissue could be distinctly separated by HPLC, at least within 10 min. However, no nitrite peak was found in all samples tested.2. Among the vegetable organs, the pool-size of nitrate was the biggest in leaf blade, followed by petiole and root. The ratio (%) of nitrate per total nitrogen was threefold higher in petiole and root than in leaf. blade. Therefore, the nitrate pool in the, former organs must be reduced.3. Kinetin decreased the content of nitrate and the ratio of nitrate per total nitrogen in the petiole of spinach, and this kinetin effect was marked in the case of foliar application. The soil kinetin-applied spinach showed relatively high values of nitrogen uptake and ^<15>N content. On the other hand, both the B-vitamins reduced the amount of nitrate nitrogen and the ratio of nitrate nitrogen per total nitrogen. A marked reductive effect was found in spinach treated with pantothenate (0.1 %). Pyridoxin decreased slightly the amounts of water-soluble and total oxalic acid.4. Organic fertilizer reduced the pool of nitrate in spinach tissue. This reduction was due to the delay of mineralization of organic matters.In conclusion, the author-wishes to emphasize that the stimulation of nitrate assimilation in vegetables by cytokinins derived from the natural plant resources or pantothenate is very important to achieving high utilization of fertilizer nitrogen, high yield and high quality of vegetable crops.

减少植物组织中硝酸盐库的大小，有助于无公害蔬菜的生产和肥料氮的利用率的提高。提出了降低萝卜、芥菜和菠菜硝酸盐库的实用技术，特别是利用细胞分裂素、B族维生素和有机肥.采用HPLC法可以在10 min内将各蔬菜干组织水提液中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐离子分离，但所有样品均未检测到亚硝酸盐峰.在蔬菜器官中，叶片中硝酸盐含量最大，其次是叶柄和根。叶柄和根中硝态氮占总氮的比例（%）是叶片的3倍。刀因此，必须减少前体器官中的硝酸盐库.激动素降低了菠菜叶柄中硝酸盐含量和硝酸盐/总氮比值，且这种效应在叶面喷施时更为显著。施用土壤激动素的菠菜表现出相对较高的吸氮量和^<15>N含量。另一方面，B族维生素都降低了硝酸盐氮的含量和硝酸盐氮/总氮的比例。用泛酸盐（0.1%）处理的菠菜有明显的还原作用.吡啶氧还蛋白使水溶性草酸和总草酸含量略有降低.有机肥减少了菠菜组织中的硝酸盐库。因此，作者希望强调，利用天然植物源的细胞分裂素或泛酸盐刺激蔬菜硝酸盐同化，对实现肥料氮的高效利用、蔬菜作物的高产和优质是十分重要的。