Application of Noncrystalline Aluminosilicates and its Effect for Soil Amelioration

用于一种光滑的土壤粘土展示合成的异色剂的流动实验;填充物是一种超级的流动剂，将其与Kuroboku-do B地平线分开。非水晶林羟基-铝氧化物聚合物（HASP）、含硅/铝分子比率的芳香和异聚物 *0.5然后在比较中与羟基-铝聚合物（HAP）、AlCl_3和CaSO_4进行了合成和测试。流动剂含有20毫摩尔Al和220毫摩尔Ca/100毫克粘土的速率为20毫摩尔Al和220毫摩尔Ca/100毫克粘土，反应堆的粘土经常被冲洗到分散。根据两种土壤粘土粘土的起始位移中的均衡蛋白溶液的电行为评估效应是基于对两种土壤粘土相同的，并在CaSO_4<AlCl_3<HASP， HASP<异木中增加。Allophane显示没有流动效应。根据可兑换货币（Ca、Mg、K、Na）的内容中的差异，据估计，土壤粘土的转换网站的一部分， i。e. e.大约20%至10%在smectitic clay，50%至30%在高岭土clay，由HAP和imogolite携带的正电荷反应。在这一点上，没有区别可以在模仿和模仿之间找到。以下内容已被包括在内：1）不像单体Al^<3+>和Ca^<2+>，聚合物化合物HAP、HASP和异晶也可以在一个非常低的电解质浓度下使用smectitic和kaolinitic clays来处理。（<10^<-3> M为NaCl）， 2）聚合物cage的大小和形状由于其积极电荷在这一过程中发挥了重要作用，（3）由于需要的聚合物数量来填充粘土重量约为1- 2%，该聚合物化合物可以用于重粘土土壤的搅拌。

Flocculation experiments for a smectitic soil clay showed that synthetic imogolite・allophane is superior as a flocculating agent to that separated from a Kuroboku-do B horizon. Noncrystalline Hydroxy-Aluminosilicate Polymer (HASP), allophane and imogolite with Si/Al molar ratio *0.5 were then synthesized and tested for flocculation with smectitic and kaolinitic soil clays in comparison with Hydroxy-Aluminum Polymer (HAP), AlCl_3 and CaSO_4. The flocculating agents containing Al and CaSO_4 were added at the rate of 20 mumol Al and 220 mumol Ca/100 mg clay, and the reacted clay was repeatedly washed with water till dispersion. The flocculating effect evaluated based on the electric conductivity of the equilibrium solution in which the clay started dispersion was the same for the two soil clays and increased in the order CaSO_4<AlCl_3<HASP, HASP<imogolite. Allophane showed no flocculating effect. Based on the differences in the content of exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) between the untreated and treated clays, it was estimated that parts of cation-exchange sites of the soil clays, i. e. about 20 and 10 % in the smectitic clay and 50 and 30 % in the kaolinitic clay, reacted with the positive charge carried by HAP and imogolite, respectively. No difference was found between imogolite and allophane in this respect. The followings were concluded : 1) Unlike monomer Al^<3+> and Ca^<2+>, polymer cations HAP, HASP and imogolite can flocculate smectitic and kaolinitic clays even in the solution with a very low electrolyte concentration (<10^<-3> M as NaCl), 2) the size and shape of the polymer cation as well as its positive charge play an important role in this flocculation, and 3) because the amount of the polymer required to flocculate the clay was about 1-2 % of the clay weight, the polymer cations can be used for amelioration of heavy clayey soils.