High Degree Utilization of Leaf Fstorides and Their Degradative products, omega -Hydroxyacids, from Main Japanese Conifers

为了开发植物资源的利用方法，研究者对人类生活中未被利用的日本针叶树叶片进行了研究。与纤维素等碳水化合物和木质素等多酚一起，叶子含有大量的角质成分。角质是一种由脂肪酸和醇组成的低聚酯、酯酸酯的混合物。本研究旨在建立叶黄素的直接和间接利用方法。首先测定了23种针叶树叶片的总含盐量。分别采用木质素定量分析常用的克拉森法和乙酰溴法对无提取物叶粉进行分析。然后，评估两个值之间的内容差异意味着真实的故事内容。样品间的极限值为干叶粉重量的10- 20%。然后对42个样品进行碱性水解，分别得到其总酸、总醇含量。前者的值为1% ~ 6%，后者的值为痕量~ 14%。并对酸、醇进行了鉴定和定量分析。鉴定了含有12-羟基月桂酸、10,16 -二羟基癸酸、1,16 -二癸酸等9种酸，并证明了它们的定性和定量关系。样品之间的存在模式在植物物种中具有特征。同样，分离并测定了1,12 -十二烷二醇、1,14 -十四烷二醇、1,16 -十六烷二醇等六种醇。样品之间的存在趋势与酸的存在趋势相似。由于根据水解酸和醇的量计算出的estoride含量与计算出的estoride含量之间存在较大的差距，为了有效地占有estoride及其降解产物，尝试了各种预处理方法。因此，蒸汽爆破、氯和酶处理是有效的。此外，还研究了不同叶龄和季节对叶黄素及其组成单体含量的影响。结果表明，样品间的定性和定量差异不显著。因此，为了最有效地占有某些客观电解质和/或单体，可以提出一种合适的样品和预处理方法。由此判断，这些知识可为开发叶内酯的利用方法提供依据。少

For the purpose of development of utilization methods on plant resources, the investigator attended to Japanese conifer leaves which had not been used for the human life. Together with carbohydrates such as cellulose and polyphenols such as lignin, the leaf contains a large amount of cutin constituent. Cutin is a mixture of oligo-esters, estoride, composing from aliphatic acids and alcohols. The study was undertaken in order to establish the direct and indirect utilization methods of leaf estorides.At first, total estoride contents were estimated on 23 species of conifer leaves. Extract-free leaf powders respectively were analyzed by Klason and acetyl bromide methods which were common to quantitative analysis of lignin. Then, it was evaluated that the content difference between two values meant a real estoride content. The values among samples were covered a limit of 10-20 % for the dried leaf powder weight.Nextly, alkaline hydrolyses of 42 samples were undergone, and their total acid … More and alcohol contents were obtained respectively. The former values ranged from 1 % to 6 %, and the latter comprised from trace to 14 % against the corresponding acid content. Also, the identification arid quantitative analysis of acids and alcohols were carried out. Nine acids containing 12-hydroxylauric acid, 10, 16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, hexadecane-1, 16-dioic acid, etc. were identified and their qualitative and quantitative relations were proved. The presence pattern among samples was characteristic in the plant species. Similarly, six alcohols such as 1, 12-dodecandiol, 1, 14-tetrade-canediol, 1, 16-hexadecanediol were isolated and measured. The presence tendency among samples was similar to that of the acids.As there was a large gap between the estoride content and the calculated content based on the hydrolized acid and alcohol amounts, Various pretreatment procedures were attempted for the effective possession of estoride and its degradative products. Accordingly, steam-explosion, chlorine and enzyme treatments were effective for this purpose. Furthermore, the changes due to leaf age and season were examined on estoride and its composing monomer contents. It was indicated there were not remarkable qualitative and quantitative differences among samples.Consequently, for the most effective possession of some objective estoride and/or monomer, one suitable sample and pretreatment method can be presented. Then, it can be judged that these knowledges is available for developing utilization methods of leaf estoride. Less