A STUDY ON INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL BLOOD TEST VALUES.

自几十年前以来，临床血液测试值的个体差异就为内科医生和临床病理学家所熟知。然而，个体差异的原因直到现在才被阐明，部分原因是我们不知道如何将其应用于临床。为了阐明临床血检值个体差异的特点及其原因，作者反复采集了少量志愿者的血样，并用这些血样或血清进行了多次临床试验。我们调查了适当的采血次数和采血间隔，以建立个体正常值。我们阐明，适当间隔5~6次采血是必要的。两次采血之间的间隔必须足够长，以包括许多影响测试值的原因。如果能每月抽血一次就很理想了，但一年抽血两次也是合适的，以免过度疼痛。我们必须谨慎决定采血的时间，因为一些数值，如血清总胆固醇具有明显的季节性变化。我们使用实验动物，特别是一些品系的大鼠来阐明临床试验菌株差异的原因，而不是检查个体与人类样本的差异，因为很难获得所需数量的人类血液样本。因此，我们阐明了血清亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的值是受遗传控制的。我们将试图阐明基因控制的分子基础。

The individual differences in clinical blood test values are well known by physicians and clinical pathologists since several decades ago. The cause of individual difference, however, has not been elucidated until now partly because we did not know how to apply it in clinics. The present authors has made efforts to clarify the features of individual difference of clinical blood test value and also its causes.The present authors collected blood samples repeatedly from a small number of volunteers and did a number of clinical tests with those blood samples or sera. We investigated an appropriate number of times of blood sample collection and the intervals between blood sample collections in order to establish the individual normal value. We elucidated 5 to 6 times of blood sampling with appropriate intervals are necessary for it. An interval between blood sampling must be longer enough to include a lot of causes affecting the test values. It will be ideal if we can get a blood sample once a month, but it will be appropriate to get blood samples twice a year to avoid excessive pain. We must be careful to decide the time for blood sampling because some values such as serum total cholesterol show marked seasonal changes.We used experimental animals, especially some strains of rats, for elucidating the causes of strain difference of clinical tests instead of examining individual difference with human samples since it was so difficult to get necessary number of human blood samples. As a result we elucidated that a value of serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is controlled genetically. We will try to elucidate the molecular basis of the genetic control.