Acidic Shock of Snowmelt Water in the Eastern Canada

1991年，在魁北克省加拿大地盾的一个北方森林地点对积雪和融水排放的化学和物理演变进行了研究。Aulnales河的分水岭（1.22平方公里）位于北纬47 17′n，西经71 10′w，位于加拿大魁北克市以北60公里的Montmorency森林中。海拔高度在777米到991米之间。森林覆盖由北方针叶林的香脂冷杉-白桦顶极带组成。气象观测在森林站点和露天站点进行。观测的气象项目有风速、风向、气温、湿度和积雪深度。融雪水由融化仪收集（玻璃纤维罐，1m x 4m），在冬季第一场降雪之前安装在森林场地和露天场地。自动监测融雪水的电导率和pH值。河水由自动水采样器收集。自动监测河水的排放、电导率和pH值。每天测量积雪的水当量、密度和自由含水量。在融雪季节，在森林站点和开放站点大约每3天采集一次积雪样本。降水（雪和雨）是通过塑料收集器在森林场地和露天场地收集的。降水、积雪、融雪水和河水的样本在魁北克大学的实验室进行过滤。在魁北克大学实验室用Dionex离子色谱法测定了样品中阴离子的浓度。

Studies on the chemical and physical evolution of the snowpack and meltwater discharge are carried out at a boreal forest site on the Canadian Shield, Quebec in 1991. The watershed (1.22km2) of River Aulnales is situated at latitude 47ﾟ17'N and longitude 71ﾟ10'W in the Montmorency Forest 60 km north of Quebec City, Canada. The altitude ranged between 777 and 991m. The forest cover consists of the balsam fir - white birch climax zone of the boreal coniferous forest.Meteorological observations are carried out at the both forest site and open site. Observed meteorological items are wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, humidity and depth of snow cover.Snowmelt water is collected by lysimeters (fiberglass tank, 1m x 4m) which are installed before the first snowfall of the winter season at the both forest site and open site. Conductivity and pH of snowmelt water are monitored automatically.River water is collected by the automatic water sampler. Discharge, conductivity and pH of river water are monitored automatically.Water equivalent, density and free water content of snow cover are measured everyday. Snowcover samples are taken approximately every 3 days during the snowmelt season at the both forest site and open site.Precipitation (snow and rain) is collected by means of plastic collectors at the both forest site and open site.Samples of precipitation, snowcover, snowmelt water and river water are filtered at the laboratory of Quebec University. The concentration of anions of samples are measured by means of Dionex ion chromatography at the laboratory of Quebec University.