Studies on the variability of the water and material cycle in the forest

森林水和物质循环变异性研究

• 批准号: 08454126
• 负责人: KOBAYASHI Daiji
• 金额: $ 4.42万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08454126/
• 关键词: Boreal Forest; Water, Energy and Material Cycle; Forest Evapotraspiration; Streamflow Generation; Chemical Constituent; Suspended Sediment; Nutrient; Variability; 無機イオン; 水文気象; 融雪熱収支; 森林流域の水循環; 流域熱収支; 流域土砂生産

The purpose of this study is to clarify the variability of the water, energy and material cycle in the forested basin, specially in the boreal forest basin. Our findings are summarized as follows :There are three main results in the forested (sparse mixed-wood) mountainous basin in northern Hokkaido. That is, 1) stream temperatures during the recession flow period were similar to the soil temperature at 1.8 m below the land surface, suggesting that subsurface water contributions to streamflow are derived from this depth ; 2) the solid precipitation accounted for 53% of the annual precipitation and snowmelt runoff accounted for 45% of the annual runoff ; and 3) a sediment supply to the river-bed sediment was most likely to be occurred during the mid-snowmelt season, and active stirring-up of river-bed fines from the newly supplied sediment formed the clear peak of the suspended sediment concentration in mid-snowmelt season.In a quaternary volcanic ash watershed in the northern temperate … More forest zone, the old water contributed the stormflow more than 80% even in a 200mm/48hours-rainfall event. This result was derived from the standard two-component hydrograph separation approach for the silica concentration. As much as 80% of peak runoff suggests that new water displacement with soil wa* occurred immediately during the event.To understand the runoff characteristics of the nutrient loads from the forest basin, water quality of the four forest streams whose basins are contiguous to each other was observed simultaneously. The principle component analysis of the water quality data of the four streams suggested that the main factors characterizing the water quality of the forest streams are the condition of surface soil layer and the degree of streamflow variation.To clarify the hydrological characteristics of the forest watershed in cold snowy region, the water balance of Lake Toya and the runoff from its watershed were studied for last 15 years. The stream inflow in the snowmelt season was 20 to 30% of the annual total discharge from the watershed. This high flow rate contributes to maintain the high lake water level in the summer. Less

本研究的目的是阐明森林流域，特别是北方森林流域的水、能量和物质循环的变异性。我们的研究结果总结如下：有三个主要结果在森林（稀疏的混合木材）山区盆地在北方北海道。结果表明：退水期河流温度与地表以下1.8m处土壤温度相近，说明地下水对径流的贡献主要来自于该深度，固体降水量占年降水量的53%，融雪径流量占年径流量的45%;融雪期中期最易发生对河床沉积物的补给，新补给的泥沙对河床细颗粒物的活跃搅动形成融雪期中期悬沙浓度的明显峰值 ...更多信息 在林区，即使在200 mm/48 h的降雨过程中，老水对暴雨径流的贡献也超过80%。这一结果来自二氧化硅浓度的标准双组分过程线分离方法。80%的峰值径流量表明，在该事件发生的同时，新的水与土壤瓦 * 发生了转移。为了了解森林流域的养分负荷的径流特征，同时观察了四个森林流域的水质相互连接。通过对4条河流水质资料的主成分分析，表明地表土层状况和径流变化程度是影响森林河流水质的主要因素，为了阐明寒冷雪区森林流域的水文特征，对洞爷湖15 a来的水量平衡和径流量进行了研究。在融雪季节的流量是20至30%的年总流量从流域。这种高流速有助于维持夏季的高水位。少

项目成果

山田俊郎、大江史恵、中野哲哉、橘 治国: "森林集水域からの水質成分流出特性の比較" 土木学会第51回年次学術講演会(VII). 358-359 (1996)

Toshiro Yamada、Fumie Oe、Tetsuya Nakano、Harukuni Tachibana：“森林流域水质成分径流特征的比较”第 51 届日本土木工程学会学术会议（VII）358-359（1996）。

Tanaka,Y.: "Evaporation and bulk Transfer Coefficients on a Forest Floor During times of Leaf-shedding." Journal of Agricultural Meterorology. 53. (1997)

Tanaka,Y.：“落叶期间森林地面的蒸发和体积转移系数。”

Tanaka, Y.: "Seasonal variations in the turbulence spectra above and within a deciduous forest" Proceedings of the International Sumposium of FPEI. (in press). (1997)

Tanaka, Y.：“落叶林上方和内部湍流光谱的季节性变化”国际 FPEI 研讨会论文集。

Tachibana, H.: "Environment and stream water quality of the watershed" Newsletters of the Hokkaido Fertilizer Research. 43. 31-42 (1997)

Tachibana, H.：“流域的环境和溪流水质”北海道肥料研究通讯。

Ishikawa,N.et al.: "Contributions of snow to the annual water balance in Moshiri watershed, Northern Hokkaido,Japan." Proceedings of the Northern Reseaech Basins. 11. 108-123 (1997)

Ishikawa, N.等人：“雪对日本北海道北部 Moshiri 流域年度水平衡的贡献。”