Research on the Integrated System of Rain fed Rice Cultivation Area in South Asia from the View Point of Environmental Planning

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The main purpose of this research is to get a new concept in development planning for the environment, based on the analysis of actual changes of environmental structure which is caused by development process. Recently irrigated rainfed paddy cultivation villages were selected to be case study for typical range of rapid change of steady regional ecosystem due to development impact as following ;(1) structure of regional ecosystem, especially mutual relationship within the structure of natural, industrial and living systems,(2) structural changes of regional ecosystem due to irrigation development, and accompanying with the break of coherence within elements of systems,(3) dissolution process of the above break of coherence.These relationships were survived together with specifications and functions of the introduced irrigation facilities.The first survey was implemented in 1987 for (1), (2) by mean of interview, collection of materials/samples of crop/ soil, and partially for (3) to se … More t up continuous observation system for the study hamlets. The second survey was implemented in 1989 mainly for (3) at continuous observed hamlets of "Egaperumalur Eri" in Arantangi, Tamil-Nadu India and "Gaun Mohana" in Citwan Nepal. Both surveys were executed in cooperation with Coimbatole Agricultural college and Institute of Agricultural & Animal science of Tribhuvan university, respectively. And the two-years period from 1988 to 1990 were spent on analysis and integration the collected data. Professor K. N. Pyakuryal and Professor B. Pokharel of Nepal were invited to Japan for joining this integrated discussions.Principle results of research are as follows ;(a) Operation practices and performances of both irrigation systems of Grand Anichat Canal (Egaperumalur Eri) and Panchacania Project (Gaun Mohana) are made clear, based on actual water use.(b) Farmer's farming conditions including used crop varieties and fertilizers of both hamlets are made clear for either before or after the irrigation development. Principle changes had been happened on cropping system and variety.(c) Farmer's living conditions including annual consumption and loan of both hamlets are made clear for both before and after irrigation development. Increasing of loan was found for many farmers due to performance down of newly introduced varieties after irrigation development since they could not renew the seeds annually.(d) As for conclusion, irrigation development should be accompanied with appropriate in-service training for the farmers concerning with their new way of farming and living after irrigation system are established. Less