Studies on periglacial processes and landforms in Svalbard, the Arctic

北极斯瓦尔巴群岛冰缘过程和地貌研究

• 批准号: 02041081
• 负责人: KOAZE Takashi
• 金额: $ 10.24万
• 依托单位: Meiji University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02041081/
• 关键词: Svalbard; periglacial landform; permafrost; large-scale polygon; historical development of landforms; pingo; mass-movement of slope; solifluction lobe; スバルバ-ル諸島; Ice wedge; Soil wedge; 地すべり; Marginal channel; Caprock slide; ソリフラクションロ-ブ

The purpose of the project is to investigate 1) forming process of open-system pingos, 2) relationships between the thermal regime of permafrost and development of ice-and soil-wedge polygons, 3) processes and rate of periglacial mass movement, and 4) lithological control over landform evolution in permafrost environment, and 5) to make geomorphological maps of the research areas. These investigations were carried out in three areas in the central part of Spitsbergen (Nordenskiold Land) ; 1) Adventdalen near Mt. Skolten, 2) Reindalen near Mt. Merckollfjellet and 3) around Linnevatnet near the station of Isfjord Radio.Concerning methods and types of landforms, the results of investigations can be summarized as follows;The fist is the geomorphological map compilation. These maps were firstly made by using airphotographs and then revised by means of field works with special attention to micro-scale surface features, types of soil and other deposits, vegetations etc. Our results contain pr … More ecise landform classification in Reindalen and some superglacial topographies such as ice-cored moraines and a series of moraine-like small ridges over Mphiysalbreen and Glottfjellbreen.The second is on the dynamic process of open-system pingos and large-scale polygons. Deformation of some pingos through years were measured by ordinary survey and photogrammetry. We carried out some instrumental measurements of ice- and soil-wedge cracking activities. Dilatometers held with iron angles anchored beneath the permafrost table were set across open cracks of polygons. The time series data were stored in loggers with about 2m depth of ground temperature profiles.The last is quantitative approach to the process of mass movement of slopes. The movements of solifluction lobe were measured by photogrammetry. The displacement of materials were estimated by measuring the deformation of painted-lines and vertically installed glass-fibre tubes and logged data of strainmeters. And the contribution of avalanche was also estimated by means of measuring the weight and volume of debris trapped on wire nets. Less

该项目的目的是研究1）开放系统pingos的形成过程，2）多年冻土的热状况与冰和土壤楔形多边形发展之间的关系，3）冰缘物质运动的过程和速率，4）多年冻土环境中地貌演化的岩性控制，以及5）绘制研究区域的地貌图。这些调查是在斯匹次卑尔根岛中部（Nordenskiold Land）的三个地区进行的； 1）Skolten山附近的Adventdalen，2）Merkollfjellet山附近的Reindalen，3）Isfjord Radio电台附近的Linnevatnet周围。关于地貌的方法和类型，调查结果可概括如下：第一是地貌图的编制。这些地图首先使用航空照片制作，然后通过实地工作进行修订，特别关注微观尺度的地表特征、土壤和其他沉积物的类型、植被等。我们的结果包括 Reindalen 的精确地貌分类以及一些超冰川地形，例如冰芯冰碛以及 Mphiysalbreen 和 Glottfjellbreen 上的一系列冰碛状小山脊。 开放系统pingos和大尺度多边形的动态过程。一些平果多年来的变形是通过普通测量和摄影测量来测量的。我们对冰楔和土楔破裂活动进行了一些仪器测量。将用铁角固定在永久冻土台下方的膨胀计设置在多边形的开放裂缝上。时间序列数据存储在约2m深度的地温剖面记录仪中。最后是边坡体运动过程的定量分析。通过摄影测量法测量了泥流叶的运动。通过测量涂漆线和垂直安装的玻璃纤维管的变形以及应变计记录的数据来估计材料的位移。还通过测量被困在铁丝网上的碎片的重量和体积来估计雪崩的贡献。较少的

项目成果

澤口 晋一: "スピッツベルゲン島における斜面物質移動" 日本地理学会予稿集. 42. (1993)

Shinichi Sawaguchi：“斯匹次卑尔根岛的斜坡物质转移”，日本地理学会论文集 42。（1993 年）

小疇 尚: "山を読む" 岩波書店, 1-147 (1991)

小上恒：《读山》岩波书店，1-147 (1991)

澤口 晋一: "凍結融解作用と表層部の物質構成との関係からみた斜面物質移動" 地理学評論.

泽口真一：“从冻融效应与表层物质成分关系角度看斜坡传质”《地理评论》。

松岡 憲知: "日本スバールバル地形調査隊:スピッツベルゲン島におけるアイスウェッジの生成条件" 日本地理学会予稿集. 42. (1993)

Kentomo Matsuoka：“日本斯瓦尔巴群岛地形测量队：斯匹次卑尔根岛冰楔的形成条件”，日本地理学会论文集 42。（1993 年）。

KOAZE,Takashi: "Pattern of water channel systems and glacial deposits in the middle reach of Adventdalen Spitsbergen. (in Japanese)" preprint of the Geographical Society of Japan. No.41. 18-19 (1992)

KOAZE,Takashi：“Adventdalen Spitsbergen 中游水道系统和冰川沉积物的模式。（日语）”日本地理学会预印本。