Studies on periglacial processes and landforms in Svalbard, the Arctic

本项目的目的是研究（1）开放系统冰丘的形成过程;（2）多年冻土热状况与冰楔和土楔多边形发育之间的关系;（3）冰缘块体运动的过程和速率;（4）岩性对多年冻土环境中地貌演化的控制;（5）制作研究区的地貌图。这些调查是在斯匹次卑尔根岛中部（Nordenskiold地）的三个地区进行的; 1）山附近的Adventdalen。Skolten，2）Reindalen near Mt. Merckollfjellet和3）在Isfjord电台附近的Linnevatnet周围。关于地貌的调查方法和类型，可以总结如下：第一是地貌图的编制。这些图首先是用航空照片制作的，然后通过野外工作进行修订，特别注意微观尺度的表面特征、土壤和其他沉积物的类型、植被等。 关于我们 Reindalen的精确地貌分类以及Mphiysalbreen和Glottfalbreen上的冰芯冰碛和一系列冰碛状小山脊等冰表地貌。通过普通测量和摄影测量，对部分冰丘的多年变形进行了测量。我们进行了一些仪器测量冰和土壤楔开裂活动。膨胀计与铁角固定在永久冻土表下，横跨多边形的开放裂缝。将时间序列数据存储在记录仪中，记录了约2 m深的地温剖面。用摄影测量法测量了土瓣的运动。材料的位移是通过测量画线和垂直安装的玻璃纤维管的变形和应变计记录的数据来估计的。并通过测量被铁丝网捕获的碎片的重量和体积来估计雪崩的贡献。少

The purpose of the project is to investigate 1) forming process of open-system pingos, 2) relationships between the thermal regime of permafrost and development of ice-and soil-wedge polygons, 3) processes and rate of periglacial mass movement, and 4) lithological control over landform evolution in permafrost environment, and 5) to make geomorphological maps of the research areas. These investigations were carried out in three areas in the central part of Spitsbergen (Nordenskiold Land) ; 1) Adventdalen near Mt. Skolten, 2) Reindalen near Mt. Merckollfjellet and 3) around Linnevatnet near the station of Isfjord Radio.Concerning methods and types of landforms, the results of investigations can be summarized as follows;The fist is the geomorphological map compilation. These maps were firstly made by using airphotographs and then revised by means of field works with special attention to micro-scale surface features, types of soil and other deposits, vegetations etc. Our results contain pr … More ecise landform classification in Reindalen and some superglacial topographies such as ice-cored moraines and a series of moraine-like small ridges over Mphiysalbreen and Glottfjellbreen.The second is on the dynamic process of open-system pingos and large-scale polygons. Deformation of some pingos through years were measured by ordinary survey and photogrammetry. We carried out some instrumental measurements of ice- and soil-wedge cracking activities. Dilatometers held with iron angles anchored beneath the permafrost table were set across open cracks of polygons. The time series data were stored in loggers with about 2m depth of ground temperature profiles.The last is quantitative approach to the process of mass movement of slopes. The movements of solifluction lobe were measured by photogrammetry. The displacement of materials were estimated by measuring the deformation of painted-lines and vertically installed glass-fibre tubes and logged data of strainmeters. And the contribution of avalanche was also estimated by means of measuring the weight and volume of debris trapped on wire nets. Less