Geoecological Study of the Mountain Landscapes in Japan

这个项目的目标是从物理地理学、地理学和景观经济学的视点来调查山地地形。我们从日本东北部的调查选定了两个山区，其中两个是国家公园的一部分;-大泽津国家公园（中北海道岛） ：主要研究区域：大泽津（海拔2290米）楚布-桑加库国家公园（中洪舒岛） ：主要研究地区： Jonendake （海拔2，857米）and Tateyama （3015m a.s.l.）在日本北部阿尔卑斯山，这些地区有一些玻璃化的陆地景观，形成了玻璃化阶段和当前气候下的边缘景观。这些景观是由一个独特的气候所维护的：极端沉重的雪花和非常强烈的西风。在这个地区的迁移显示了典型的高山和高山特征。在这些地区发现了一些植物物种是外来物种，而且可能在人类对这种压力的影响下消失，如旅游、登山和林业。 ... More . Furthermore，这样的人类干预产生了土壤侵蚀，可能会在当地陆地景观系统中形成全面崩溃，特别是在台风和其他许多风暴的冲击中，我们展示了三种野外观察;·绘制陆地形态和植被的土地形态和植被在某些地方进行了地理生态学研究，并在Daisetsuzan和Jonendake中进行了排序，以澄清自然陆地景观的动态，并评估人类界面。我们把注意力集中在了阿比森林和皮努斯普米拉灌木丛、风的熊地面和山小径之间的边界上。气象学和土壤温度观测温度计和数据记录仪的动画仪是用来观察长期空气温度、土壤温度和风向的，以确定在迁移和陆地表面上的环境压力。大约两年前，数据被收集了，我们将继续在未来进行观测。监测旅游者人类流量的活动是在塔山的Murodo旅游复合体区域观察的，也是在两个夏天的高季节中被覆盖的最多的地方。Less（低）

The aim of this project is to investigate the mountain landscapes from the viewpoints of physical geography, geoecology, and landscape ecology. We selected two mountain areas from the northeastern Japan for investigation and both of them are parts of the national parks ;・Daisetsuzan National Park (Central Hokkaido Island) : Main study area : Daisetsuzan (2290m a.s.l.)・Chubu-sangaku National Park (Central Honshu Island) : Main study areas : Jonendake (2857m a.s.l.) and Tateyama (3015m a.s.l.) in Northern Japan Alps.These areas have some glaciated landscapes formed during the glacial stages and periglacial landscapes under the present climate. These landscapes are maintained by a unique climate : extremely heavy snowfalls and very strong westerly winds. The vegetation in this areas shows the typical alpine and subalpine features. Some of plant species seen in these areas are endemic and about to be vanished under the pressure of human impacts such as tourism, mountaineering, and forestry … More . Furthermore, such human interventions generate the soil erosion which may develop into a total collapse of the local landscape system especially in strikes of typhoons and other sever storms.We performed three kinds of field observation ;・Mapping of landform and vegetationLandform and vegetation were surveyed geoecologically in some places of Daisetsuzan and Jonendake in order to clarify the dynamics of natural landscapes and to assess human interferences. We focused on the forest limit-like boundary between Abies forest and Pinus pumila bush, the windy bare ground, and mountain trails.・Meteorological and soil temperature observationThermometers and an anemometer with data loggers were used to obtain long period air temperature, soil temperature, and wind velocity in order to evaluate environmental stresses upon the vegetation and the land surface. About two years of data have been obtained and we will continue the observation in the future.・Monitoring the activity of touristsHuman flux was observed in Murodo tourism complex area of Tateyama, the most crowded spot in Japanese high mountains during the high season of two summers. Less