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Geoecological Study of the Mountain Landscapes in Japan

日本山地景观的地质生态学研究

基本信息

批准号：
09480022
负责人：
KOAZE Takashi
金额：
$ 6.78万
依托单位：
MEIJI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aim of this project is to investigate the mountain landscapes from the viewpoints of physical geography, geoecology, and landscape ecology. We selected two mountain areas from the northeastern Japan for investigation and both of them are parts of the national parks ;・Daisetsuzan National Park (Central Hokkaido Island) : Main study area : Daisetsuzan (2290m a.s.l.)・Chubu-sangaku National Park (Central Honshu Island) : Main study areas : Jonendake (2857m a.s.l.) and Tateyama (3015m a.s.l.) in Northern Japan Alps.These areas have some glaciated landscapes formed during the glacial stages and periglacial landscapes under the present climate. These landscapes are maintained by a unique climate : extremely heavy snowfalls and very strong westerly winds. The vegetation in this areas shows the typical alpine and subalpine features. Some of plant species seen in these areas are endemic and about to be vanished under the pressure of human impacts such as tourism, mountaineering, and forestry … More . Furthermore, such human interventions generate the soil erosion which may develop into a total collapse of the local landscape system especially in strikes of typhoons and other sever storms.We performed three kinds of field observation ;・Mapping of landform and vegetationLandform and vegetation were surveyed geoecologically in some places of Daisetsuzan and Jonendake in order to clarify the dynamics of natural landscapes and to assess human interferences. We focused on the forest limit-like boundary between Abies forest and Pinus pumila bush, the windy bare ground, and mountain trails.・Meteorological and soil temperature observationThermometers and an anemometer with data loggers were used to obtain long period air temperature, soil temperature, and wind velocity in order to evaluate environmental stresses upon the vegetation and the land surface. About two years of data have been obtained and we will continue the observation in the future.・Monitoring the activity of touristsHuman flux was observed in Murodo tourism complex area of Tateyama, the most crowded spot in Japanese high mountains during the high season of two summers. Less

本项目的目的是从自然地理学、地质生态学和景观生态学的角度对山区景观进行调查。我们选择了日本东北部的两个山区进行调查，这两个地区都是国家公园的一部分；·大泽山国家公园(北海道中部)：主要研究区域：大泽山(2290米)·中部-桑加古国家公园(本州岛中部)：主要研究区域：Jonendake(2.857ma.s.l)和Tateyama(3015Ma.s.l)在日本北部阿尔卑斯山，这些地区有一些在冰川阶段形成的冰川景观，以及在目前气候下形成的冰缘景观。这些景观是由独特的气候维持的：极大的降雪和非常强的西风。本区植被呈现典型的高山和亚高山特征。在这些地区看到的一些植物物种是特有的，在旅游、登山和林业等人类影响的压力下即将灭绝。…更多。此外，这种人为干预产生了土壤侵蚀，特别是在台风和其他严重风暴的袭击下，可能会发展成为当地景观系统的全面崩溃。我们进行了三种类型的实地观测；·地形和植被制图大泽山和乔南达克的一些地方进行了地貌和植被的地质调查，以澄清自然景观的动态并评估人类干扰。我们的重点是冷杉林和松树灌木丛之间的森林界限，多风的裸地，以及山间小径。·气象和土壤温度观测利用温度计和带有数据记录器的风速计获得长期气温、土壤温度和风速，以评估植被和地表的环境压力。已经获得了大约两年的数据，我们将在未来继续观测。·监测游客的活动在竹山的Murodo旅游综合区观察到了人流，在两个夏天的旺季，这是日本高山上最拥挤的地方。较少