Evolutionary Ecology of Primates in Dry Habitat of Africa

我们于1990年在埃塞俄比亚南部的Wabi-Shebeli河对Papio hamadryas和Papio anubis进行了杂交调查。虽然杂交现象只发生在沿河狭窄的区域，但杂交率低的现象发生在非常广泛的区域，这取决于孤雄阿努比斯的迁徙。Bale地区的hamadryas狒狒生活在干旱和海拔最高（2400米）的栖息地，与狒狒的栖息地相对应。研究了大角狒狒的活动模式和食物习性。这群人比低地的人花了更多的时间来移动，因为他们的栖息地不适合寻找水果。因此，研究地点似乎限制了它们对高海拔的适应。这对于评估它们的系统发育、适应过程以及与狒狒的生态位分离具有重要意义。由于埃塞俄比亚南部的安全局势相当不安全，我们于1991年将研究对象改为埃塞俄比亚北部的狒狒。狒狒也像狒狒一样拥有多级社会。在昭和地区Aboliager村，狒狒群是习惯性的，可以在近5米的地方观察到。与以往的研究相比，该群体的成年男性比例非常低。我们发现了成年雄性之间低竞争的各种特征，并可以探讨在这种情况下建立一雄单位的因素。我们在埃塞俄比亚北部的塞米恩国家公园捕获了43只狒狒，并采集了它们的血液样本。我们将对这一结果进行分析，并与我们之前在昭和地区菲切进行的研究进行比较，以检验当地人群的遗传差异。H. Ohsawa研究了南萨赫边缘地区的猕猴的社会和繁殖行为。观察了种群雄性与外来个体之间的性竞争。

We conducted survey on the hybridization between Papio hamadryas and Papio anubis along the Wabi-Shebeli river, southern Ethiopia in 1990. While conspicuous hybridization occurred only in a narrow area along the river, the low ratio of hybridization occurred in a very wide area depending on the migration of solitary anubis males.The hamadryas baboons in the Bale Region live in arid and highest altitude (2400m) habitat which correspond to the gelada's. The activity pattern and food habits of hamadryas baboons were studied. The group used larger proportion of its time budget for moving than the groups in the lowland, because of poor habitat for finding fruits. Thus the study site seemed a limit for their adaptation to high altitude. This is important for the evaluation of their phylogeny, adaptation process, and niche separation from geladas.As the security situation in southern Ethiopia was rather unsafe, we changed our subject to gelada baboons in northern Ethiopia in 1991. The gelada baboons also have multi-level society as hamadryas baboons. The gelada group in the village Aboliager, Showa region, was habituated, and could be observed as near as in five meters. The group showed extraordinary low ratio of adult males as compared with previous studies. We found various characteristics of low competition among adult males, and could examine the factors for the establishment of one-male-unit in this condition.We captured 43 geladas, and took their blood samples in the Semien National Park, northern Ethiopia. This will be analyzed and be compared with our former research in Fiche, Showa Region in order to examine the genetic difference in local populations.Dr. H. Ohsawa studied on social and reproductive behaviors of patas monkeys in southern Saher edge. The sexual competition between group males and outsiders was observed.