Evolutionary Ecology of Primates in Dry Habitat of Africa

1990年，我们在埃塞俄比亚南部瓦比-谢贝利河沿着进行了斑须山雀与斑须山雀杂交的调查。虽然显着的杂交只发生在一个狭窄的区域沿着，杂交的低比例发生在一个非常广泛的区域取决于迁移的孤独anubis male. Hamadryas狒狒在Bale地区生活在干旱和最高海拔（2400米）的栖息地，对应于狮尾狒狒的。本文研究了狒狒的活动规律和食性。与低地种群相比，该种群的迁徙时间占总时间的比例更大，这是因为低地种群的生境条件较差，不利于寻找果实。因此，研究地点似乎限制了他们对高海拔的适应。由于埃塞俄比亚南部的安全局势相当不安全，我们于1991年将研究对象改为埃塞俄比亚北方的狮尾狒狒。狮尾狒狒也有多层次的社会作为hamadryas狒狒。昭和地区Aboliager村的狮尾狒狒群已经习惯了，并且可以在5米附近观察到。与以前的研究相比，该群体的成年男性比例非常低。我们在埃塞俄比亚北方的塞米恩国家公园捕获了43只狮尾狒狒，采集了它们的血液样本。本研究将与我们在昭和地区Fiche的研究进行分析和比较，以考察当地人群的遗传差异。Ohsawa研究了萨赫边缘南部的帕塔斯猴的社会和生殖行为。观察到了群体雄性与外来者之间的性竞争。

We conducted survey on the hybridization between Papio hamadryas and Papio anubis along the Wabi-Shebeli river, southern Ethiopia in 1990. While conspicuous hybridization occurred only in a narrow area along the river, the low ratio of hybridization occurred in a very wide area depending on the migration of solitary anubis males.The hamadryas baboons in the Bale Region live in arid and highest altitude (2400m) habitat which correspond to the gelada's. The activity pattern and food habits of hamadryas baboons were studied. The group used larger proportion of its time budget for moving than the groups in the lowland, because of poor habitat for finding fruits. Thus the study site seemed a limit for their adaptation to high altitude. This is important for the evaluation of their phylogeny, adaptation process, and niche separation from geladas.As the security situation in southern Ethiopia was rather unsafe, we changed our subject to gelada baboons in northern Ethiopia in 1991. The gelada baboons also have multi-level society as hamadryas baboons. The gelada group in the village Aboliager, Showa region, was habituated, and could be observed as near as in five meters. The group showed extraordinary low ratio of adult males as compared with previous studies. We found various characteristics of low competition among adult males, and could examine the factors for the establishment of one-male-unit in this condition.We captured 43 geladas, and took their blood samples in the Semien National Park, northern Ethiopia. This will be analyzed and be compared with our former research in Fiche, Showa Region in order to examine the genetic difference in local populations.Dr. H. Ohsawa studied on social and reproductive behaviors of patas monkeys in southern Saher edge. The sexual competition between group males and outsiders was observed.