Modernity in the traditional technologies.

发展战略中的技术问题处于混乱状态，讨论集中在两大主题上；技术转让与传统技术振兴。我们把大马士革钢作为典型的潜在案例进行了研究，因为超高碳素钢在今天有着巨大的市场。因此，大马士革钢吸引了西方冶金学家的注意，并证明了它们的卓越远远超出了现代高科技的范围。我们的实地调查证明了他们的传统技能已经无望恢复，也证明了他们的物质问题；能源问题，尤指木炭。另一方面，大马士革从伊斯兰世界的其他地方，特别是从印度以“wootz”钢的形式提供了关键材料，这种钢是由当地的铁矿石制成的，而这些铁矿石对现代的离子和钢铁厂来说是无用的。在这里，我们可以假设特定的传统技能远远优于现在的高技术。我们与叙利亚和印度的本土科学家讨论了这些问题，不仅在他们的祖国，而且在日本也讨论了这些问题，以确定在当前条件下振兴他们的问题和战略。在这里，我们再次确认了Hayashi的5个ms和5个阶段矩阵的有效性，以分析国家发展技术方面的问题。也证实了科学家和社会科学家之间国际学术合作的新需求。外国学生共同面临的一个困难是包括西方人在内的新的学术网络。我们注意到发展中国家的学术人才短缺，需要动员闲置但有能力的年轻一代，包括现在在日本留学的亚洲学生，他们比他们的国家的学术人员有更准确的知识，特别是对日本的技术和社会文化背景。最后，传统技术的现代性和合理性研究处于混乱状态，迫切需要“大马士革”钢的新概念。少

Technology problem in development strategy is in a state of disarray and discussions are focused on two major topics ; technology transfer and revitalization of the traditional technology. We have studied the Damascus steels as the typical potential case, for Ultra high Carbonic steel has a huge market today. The Damascus steels, therefore attracted attentions from Western metallurgists and has proved their excellence far beyond the reach of the modern high-techs. Our field surveys have proved the hopelessness to recover their traditional skills and also proved the sub-material problems ; energy problems especially of charcoals. On the other hand the Damascus had been supplied key materials from other part of Islamic world, in particular from India in the form of the "wootz"steel, which was made from the local iron ores, which have been regarded useless to the modern ion and steel mills. Here we can assume the specific traditional skills which are far excellent than the present high te … More chnology.We have discussed the matters with the native scientists both of Syria and of India, not only in their homeland but in Japan too to identify the problems and strategies to revitalize then under the current conditions. Here again we confirmed the validity of the Hayashi's matrix of 5Ms and 5 stages to analyse the matter in terms of technology for national development. And also confirmed the fresh need for international academic collaborations among the scientists and social scientist. One of the difficulties confirmed among and shared with the foreign students are the new networks of academics including the Westerners.We have noticed the shortage of academic man powers in the developing societies and idle but able younger generation are to be mobilized, including Asian students now studying in Japan, who have more accurate knowledge than their fellow country men of academic, especially on the Japanese technology and its socio-cultural background. Conclusively, the study of modernity and rationality in traditional technology is is in a state of disarray and the new concept of "Damascus"steel is in desperate need. Less