权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Joint study on the fruit growing at sleep slope orchards

睡眠坡果园果树生长联合研究

基本信息

批准号：
02045028
负责人：
KADOYA Kazuomi
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Most of citrus orchards of western part of Japan are located on steep slope. Fifty percent or more acreage are located on the slope above 15ﾟ. Soil erosion is one of the most serious problems in those orchards.It has been reported that soil erosion reached an amount of 25.6t/ha/year in an orchard of clean culture. Precipitation of the year was 1224mm. By introducing sod culture, the followings can be expected. (1)Improvement of soil texture ; (2)Prevention of surface soil erosion ; (3)Organic matter supply as a source of humus and (4)Propagation of useful microorganisms.Roost of bahiagrass penetrate into somewhat consolidated layer of the soil and make the soil porous. Decayed leaves of the grass are transformed into humus. On the root surface of bahiagrass, VA mycorrhizal fungi proliferates.It is observed that VA fungi population on the citrus roots (Poncirus trifoliata) is high where bahiagrass is introduced for sod culture. VA fungi may contribute to absorb phosphate by the citrus r … More oots from the soil where phosphate is scarce. Although sod culture had been introduced to commercial citrus orchards, it has not been successful in Japan. Citrus growers have believed the clean culture is the best for high grade fruit production. However, we are now on the stage when soil management must be fundamentally reconsidered.Previously grasses introduced for sod culture was mainly originated in northern Europe. These grasses grow so vigorously from late March to April. Competition of nutrient absorption between citrus roots and the grass is very sever. It is very important to preserve spring cycle shoots for high yield. Because flower differentiation and fruit bearing are stable on those shoots. If the grass might depress the growth of spring cycle shoots, the significance of sod culture will be lost. To overcome the competition in the nutrient absorption, it becomes necessary to introduce grasses originated in tropical or subtropical regions. It has been reported that bahiagrass is recommended in the orchards of Taiwan. The grass becomes dormant from December to April in Japan. There is no problem of rhizosphere temperature as affected by the grass during the period from late March to April and the competition is not serious. The grass grows vigorously in summer. Herbicide treatments will be necessary. But the amount of herbicide for bahia grass control can be reduced to about one third compared with the miscellaneous weed control. In the future, growth retardants for bahiagrass might be developed and applied by overhead sprinkler system. Bahiagrass is weak at germination and is overcome by other species. So at present investigations are focussed on how to establish the species being dominant in the citrus orchards. Less

日本西部的柑橘园大多位于陡坡上。百分之五十或更多的面积位于15度以上的斜坡上。土壤侵蚀是这些果园最严重的问题之一，据报道，清洁栽培果园的土壤侵蚀量达到25.6吨/公顷/年。全年降水量为1224毫米。通过引进草皮栽培，可以预期：（1）改善土壤质地;（2）防止表层土壤侵蚀;（3）提供有机质作为腐殖质的来源;（4）繁殖有用的微生物。百喜草的栖息地渗透到土壤中有些坚固的层中，使土壤多孔。草的腐叶变成了腐殖土。在百喜草的根表面，VA菌根真菌大量繁殖，在引种百喜草进行生草栽培的柑桔根部，VA菌根真菌数量较多。VA真菌可能有助于柑橘对磷的吸收 ...更多信息从缺乏磷酸盐的土壤中生根。虽然草皮栽培已被引入商业柑橘园，但在日本并不成功。柑橘种植者认为清洁栽培是生产优质水果的最佳方法。然而，我们现在正处于必须从根本上重新考虑土壤管理的阶段。以前引入用于草皮栽培的草主要起源于北方欧洲。这些草从三月下旬到四月长得很旺盛。柑橘根系与牧草之间的养分竞争十分激烈。春梢的保存对春梢的高产具有重要意义。因为在这些枝条上，花的分化和结果是稳定的。如果草可能抑制春季新梢的生长，则失去了草皮栽培的意义。为了克服养分吸收的竞争，有必要引进原产于热带或亚热带地区的禾本科植物。据报道，百喜草被推荐在台湾的果园。在日本，这种草从12月到4月休眠。3月下旬至4月期间，根际温度不存在受草影响的问题，竞争也不严重。夏天草长得很茂盛。除草剂治疗将是必要的。但巴伊亚草防除的除草剂用量比杂草防除可减少三分之一左右。今后百喜草生长延缓剂的开发和应用有可能通过高架喷灌系统进行。百喜草在发芽时很弱，被其他物种克服。因此，如何确立柑桔园的优势种是目前研究的重点。少