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Study on economic duty of water and optimum scale of irrigation facilities

水经济责任及灌溉设施最佳规模研究

基本信息

批准号：
02302081
负责人：
NISHIDE Tsutomu
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
Gifu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02302081/
关键词：
Farm pond Quantity of capillary water Model of management analysis Heat balance Consumptive use Available rainfall Standard irrigation water 有効土層灌漑強度蒸発散位土壌水分消費点滴灌漑生長阻害分点毛管上昇量蒸発散組織容量ファ-ムポンド基準灌水量

项目摘要

The results obtained in 1992 are summarized as follows: 1. Measurement and estimation of evapotranspiration.... Evapotranspiration from a turf was measured by heat balance method and consumptive use was presumed by tensiometer measurement in the turf soil. Furthermore, consumptive use was analyzed for evapotranspiration and water quantity passing through the effective soil layer. 2. Amount of capillary water from the subsoil layer.... Evapotranspiration and capillary rising flow were measured accurately by using a soil column apparatus. A cylinder 30cm in diameter and 100cm in height was filled uniformly with soil, and porous cups of seven tensiometers were set at depths of 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65cm below the surface. Then a groundwater table was set up at the lower end of the cylinder and the quantity of capillary water as well as the evapotranspiration rate were measured. Soil water movement changed with different conditions of soil texture, water table, and effective soil layer. In the case of sandy soil, capillary rise was not significant. On the other hand, the direction of soil moisture movement in silt changed upwards six days after irrigation and the intensity of capillary rising flow was about 1.0mm/d, for eight days irrigation interval. The effect of water table may not be taken into account except when water table is very shallow, less than 1m below ground surface. 3. Adequate scale of water supply system....Main and sub-main irrigation canal system - Capacity of farm pond - Supplying dry field with irrigation water (restriction of water quantity to certain hours). Considerable adjustment was done on the above-mentioned three objectives. Then, the optimum scale of regulating the reservoir for field irrigation was investigated. 4. Effective rainfall in an area....For the purpose of grasping the actual conditions of effective rainfall, the author rearranged the solution of effective rainfall in the field and suggested new analytical method.

1992年取得的成果总结如下：蒸散量的测量与估算....用热平衡法测定草皮的蒸散量，用张力计测定草皮土壤的耗用量。此外，还对有效土层的蒸散量和通过水量进行了消耗利用分析。2. 底土层毛细水量....利用土柱仪对土壤蒸散量和毛细上升流量进行了精确测量。在直径30cm、高100cm的圆柱体中均匀填充土壤，在地表以下5、15、25、35、45、55、65cm处设置7个张力计的多孔杯。然后在筒体下端设置地下水位，测量毛细管水量和蒸散速率。土壤水分运动随土壤质地、地下水位和有效土层的不同而变化。在砂质土中，毛管上升不显著。另一方面，灌水后6 d，淤泥中土壤水分运动方向呈上升趋势，在灌溉间隔8 d时，毛管上升流强度约为1.0mm/d。除非地下水位很浅，低于地表1米，否则可以不考虑地下水位的影响。3. 供水系统的适当规模....总灌渠和次灌渠系统。农场池塘的容量。为旱地提供灌溉用水（水量限制在一定时间内）。对上述三个目标作了相当大的调整。在此基础上，研究了农田灌溉调节水库的最佳规模。4. 一个地区的有效降雨量....为了掌握有效雨量的实际情况，笔者对野外有效雨量解进行了重新整理，并提出了新的分析方法。