Evaluation and improvement for postharvest biotechnology in fruit and vegetables

1. 配送中心纸盒温度及空气成分调查。8月下旬至9月初，在东京、名古屋、岐阜、大阪、神户和冈山的配送中心，对部分水果和蔬菜的纸箱温度和空气成分进行了两次同时测量。虽然叶类蔬菜和花卉蔬菜几乎已经预冷，但由于运输过程中的冷却处理不当，一些蔬菜到达配送中心的温度显示接近10-20ºC。2.聚乙烯包装纸盒空气成分含氧13-17%，含二氧化碳3-10%。通过对文献处理条件的统计分析，提出了适宜的处理条件。对保鲜质量与温度之间的关系进行了多元回归分析。结果表明，该方法可以估算出番茄果实贮藏过程中适宜的处理温度。果蔬保质的基础研究。研究了冲击、温度、空气成分和乙烯对果蔬保鲜的生理效应，并从实践中处理工艺改进的角度进行了探讨。日本采后生物技术改进建议。根据以上结果，对日本采后生物技术的一些改进提出了建议：(1)预冷温度的确定必须与运输冷藏技术相结合。(2)必须限制包括冲击和振动在内的机械应力。(3)常温处理时，15℃左右的恒温可有效保持产品质量。(4)控制高二氧化碳低氧的空气成分对保持质量是有效的。(5)乙烯生物合成还原和乙烯脱除是保持品质的有效方法。(6)需改造的果蔬配送系统。

1. Investigation on temperature and air constituents in cartons at distribution center. Temperature and air constituents in cartons of some fruit and vegetables were measured simultaneously at distribution center in Tokyo,Nagoya, Gifu,Osaka, Kobe and Okayama, twice from late August to early September. Although leafy and flower vegetables had been almost precooled, temperature of some vegetables arrived to distribution center were indicated nearly 10-20ﾟC, because of inadequate handling for keeping cool in transit. Air constituents in carton with polyethylene package showed 13-17% for oxygen and 3-10% for carbon dioxide.2. Proper handling conditions proposed by statistical analysis of handling condition showed in literatures. Multiple regression analysis between keeping quality and temperature was carried out. It was showed to be able to estimate the proper handling temperature during storage in tomato fruit.3. Basic studies for keeping quality in fruit and vegetables. Physiological effects of impact, temperature, air constituents and ethylene on keeping quality of fruit and vegetables were studied, and discused at standpoint of improvement for handling technology in practise.4. Recommendation for improvement of postharvest biotechnology in Japan. From the results obtained above, some improvements for postharvest biotechnology in Japan were recommendated as follows: (1) Precooling temperature must be decided in relation to techniques for keeping cool in transit. (2) Mechanical stress including impact and vibration must be restricted. (3) Constant temperature in about 15ﾟC may be effective for keeping quality in case of handling at ambient temperature. (4) Control of air constituents with high carbon dioxide and low oxygen is effective for keeping quality. (5) Reduction of ethylene biosynthesis and removal of ethylene are effective for keeping quality. (6) Distribution system for fruit and vegetables required to be modified.