Structure and Function in Songs of Tarama Island, Okinawa

冲绳多良间岛歌曲的结构和功能

• 批准号: 02801054
• 负责人: TAMAKI Masami
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: University of the Ryukyus
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02801054/
• 关键词: Subject Matter; Structure; Performers; Mode of Singing; Function; 多良間島; 主題; 歌形論

Structure and Function in Songs of Tarama Island. OkinawaSongs from Tarama island collected over a two year period from 1990 through 1991 were analyzed from the viewpoint of their structure and function. The following results were obtained.1. Primary song-text dataSixty-five songs. including variants. were recorded in both I. P. A. (international Phonetic Alphabet)and kana transcriptions.2. Subject MatterThe songs deal primarily with five topic areas. (I)praise of gods and heroes, (2)activities concerning production, (3)festivals. (4)human relationships and(5)family life. Bach Individual song realizes its own religious or secular function through this differentiation into subject areas.3. StructureThe structure of the songs is characterised by the fact that they retain the old Tarama pattern. That is to say that. with the exception of an extremely small number of lyrical songs on the topics of social relationships and family life, the vast majority of Tarama songs are epic in nature.4. PerformersThere is a general tendency for epic songs to be performed by a group and lyrical songs to be sung by individuals. However. when songs are sung by a group it is usual for the composition of the group to be divided into the three categories of(l)old men. (2)women and(3)men and women together. These are farther divided into the opening singers known as mutuba : ri and the follow-on singers known as utiga : ri.5. Mode of SingingThere are four modes of singing. (1)repetition mode, (2)allocation-of-. parts mode. (3)allocation-repetition mode and(4)repetition-unison mode. Of these it can be seen that the repetition mode is the basic formal This is related to the religious content of the words and the epic nature of the structure and reflects the ancient characteristics of the songs on this island. This opinion is also supported by the fact that this mode of singing is found not only in religious songs, but throughout the secular songs as well.

《玉兰岛之歌》中的结构与功能。从结构和功能的角度分析了1990-1991年两年间从塔罗岛采集到的冲绳岛上的冲绳歌。取得了以下研究成果：1.主要歌曲文本数据65首歌曲。包括变种。记录在I.P.A.(国际音标)和假名抄本中。题材歌曲主要涉及五个主题领域。(一)歌颂神仙，(二)生产活动，(三)节庆。(4)人际关系和(5)家庭生活。巴赫单曲通过对题材领域的区分，实现了自身的宗教功能或世俗功能。结构歌曲的结构特点是它们保留了旧的塔罗摩模式。这就是说。除了极少数以社会关系和家庭生活为题材的抒情歌曲外，绝大多数塔罗摩歌曲都是史诗性质的。演奏者：史诗歌曲由集体演唱，抒情歌曲由个人演唱，这是一种普遍的趋势。然而。当一个团体唱歌时，通常把这个团体的组成分为三类(L)老人。(2)女性和(3)男性和女性一起。这些歌手被进一步划分为被称为mutuba：ri的开场歌手：ri和被称为utiga：ri.的后续歌手。演唱方式有四种演唱方式。(1)重复方式；(2)分配方式。零件模式。(3)分配-重复模式和(4)重复-统一模式。其中，可以看出，重复的方式是基本的形式，这与词语的宗教内容和史诗性质的结构有关，并反映了这个岛上歌曲的古代特征。这种演唱模式不仅存在于宗教歌曲中，而且贯穿于整个世俗歌曲中，这一事实也支持了这一观点。