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A Survey for Microalgae Situated in the Evolution from Prokaryote to Eukaryote.

处于从原核生物到真核生物进化过程中的微藻的调查。

基本信息

批准号：
02640543
负责人：
FUKUDA Ikijiro
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Science University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The problem on the evolution from prokaryote to eukaryote has been discussed from a long time between endosymbiotic theory and direct filiation theory. The present task could offered a material for this discussion from a such of the most primitivealgae. We surveyed microalgae occured in acid-hot springs such as Narugo, Goshokake spas in Tohoku district, and Niseko spa in Hokkaido in Japan, and those in Yellostone National Park, U. S. A. An Unicellular, eukaryotic, blue-green Prerhodophyta, Cyanidium caldarium is widely distributed in these hot-springs, and Galdieria sulphuraria is confined in Niseko spa and in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Cyanidioschyzon sp. YR-89, was newly isolated from acid-hot springs in Yellowstone National Park, using a micromanipulator. Typically the cell is clubshaped with a narrow gourd-like section, 1 x 3 mum in size, unlike Cyanidioschyzon merolae whose cell is club-shaped without a narrow section. The cell is surrounded by thin and labile membrane, and the cell shape is sometimes irregular. It has a nucleus and an ovoid chloroplast which has granular chloroplast nucleoid (DNA containing area), and unstacked thylakoids like Cyanidioschyzon melorae and Cyanidium caldarium. The probability is discussed, that those most primitive eukaryotic algae (two Cyanidioschyzon species) might be evolved by endosymbiotic process.

关于原核生物向真核生物进化的问题，从内共生理论到直接杂交理论的讨论由来已久。目前的任务可以为这种最原始的藻类的讨论提供材料。我们调查了日本东北地区的火影、日本北海道的西子温泉和美国黄石国家公园的酸温泉中出现的微藻。在这些温泉中广泛分布着一种单细胞、真核、蓝绿色的前着丝藻、蓝藻，硫藻仅存在于日子温泉和黄石国家公园的温泉中。蓝藻属(Cyandioschyzon sp.)YR-89是利用显微操作器从黄石国家公园的酸温泉中新分离出来的。典型的细胞是棒状的，有一个狭窄的葫芦状切面，大小为1×3微米，不像蓝藻的细胞是棒状的，没有狭窄的切面。细胞被薄而不稳定的膜包围，有时细胞形状不规则。它有一个核和一个卵圆形叶绿体，叶绿体中有颗粒状的叶绿体类核(DNA含区)，以及未堆叠的类囊体，如甜菜和蓝藻。讨论了最原始的真核藻(两种蓝藻)可能通过内共生进化而来的可能性。