Chromosomal and molecular evolution in the genus Brachyscome (Asteraceae)

Brachyscome 属（菊科）的染色体和分子进化

• 批准号: 02640540
• 负责人: WATANABE Kuniaki
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: Kobe Unietsity
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02640540/
• 关键词: Chloroplast DNA; Molecular phyloenetic tree; Low chromosome number; Chromosomal evolution; Interspecific hybridization; Asteracease; Brachyscome; Desert plant; 核型の進化

Chromosome number determination s form 145 populations attributed to 29 species or species complexes of Brachyscome are made. First reports for 6 species and new reports for two species are presented. Remaining counts support previously reported determinations and add to knowledge of chromoso me number distribution. Karyotype analyses. are sade on 30 iaxa at Nitoticmetaphase and 25 taxs at mltotic prometaphase. Two groups are distinguished by the total size of haploid chromosome set. In the hybrids from three cross combinations between aboye two groups there are marked differences or asynchrony in the condensation patterns of the chromosomes from the two Parental sources. lt is, however, remained whether they are monophyletic or not, respectlyely. In above two groups the total size of haplold chromosome set are not correlated with chromosome number, rather constant from n=9 to 2. There is no general trend toward asymmetry of karyotype during evolution in Brachyscome. Total DNAs extract … More ed from 19 taxa were digeited with 12 endonucleases. DNA fragments were separated on 1.0% agarose gels, denatured and transferred to a nylon membrane. For hybridizations I used cpDNA from tobacco. Mutations were polarized using a suite of closely related outgroup, the genus Aster. Seventeen synapomorphic site mutations were detected. Phylogenetic reconstruction of 19 taxa used Wagner persisony and the computer Program PAUP package to find the shortest phylogenetic tree. This phylogenetic tree indicats the increase in chromosome number from n=4 to 5, 6 and 9 rather than the decrease, except from n=4 to 3. These data suggest the following chromosomal evolution in this genus ; 1)the reduction in chromosome number from n=9 to 4 has occurred drastically and then the species with the intermediate chromosome numbers have been extinct. 2)the secondary speciation has been occurred explosively at the n=4 level. 3)the extant species with n=5, 6, 7, 8 and 9(in part)are the derivatives with the increase in chromosome number from n=4. Less

对29种或种复合体145个居群的染色体数目进行了测定。本文报道了6种的首次报道和2种的新报道。剩余计数支持以前报道的测定，并增加了对染色体数目分布的了解。核型分析。在后期中期为30个，在中期为25个。以单倍体染色体的总大小来区分这两类人。在上述两个群体的三个杂交组合中，来自两个亲本的染色体的凝聚模式存在显著差异或不同步。然而，它们是否分别是单系的仍然是一个问题。在上述两组中，单倍体染色体集的总大小与染色体数目无关，而是在n=9 ~ 2之间保持不变。在发育过程中，核型不存在普遍的不对称趋势。从19个分类群中提取了12个内切酶。DNA片段在1.0%琼脂糖凝胶上分离，变性后转移到尼龙膜上。我用烟草的cpDNA进行杂交。突变是通过一组密切相关的外群，紫菀属进行极化的。共检测到17个突触性位点突变。利用Wagner persisony和计算机程序PAUP包对19个类群进行系统发育重建，寻找最短的系统发育树。这棵系统发育树表明，除了n=4到3，染色体数目从n=4到5、6和9增加而不是减少。这些数据表明该属的染色体进化如下；1)染色体数目从n=9急剧减少到4，染色体数目居间的物种已经灭绝。2)次生物种形成在n=4水平上爆发性发生。3) n=5、6、7、8、9（部分）为染色体数从n=4开始增加的衍生物。少

项目成果

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河野翔一监修，田中肇编辑，渡边邦明：《田野观察 Vol.2 秋天的田野和山间漫步》北龙馆，112（1990）

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Watanabe, K.：“Eupatorium makinoi。（日语）”田野观察。

Yahara, T., Ito, M., Watanabe, K. & Crawford, D. J.: "Very low genetic heterozygosity in sexual and agamospermous populations of Eupatorium altissimum (Asteraceae)." Amer. J. Bot. 78. 706-710 (1991)

矢原 T.、伊藤 M.、渡边 K.

Tetsukazu Yahara: "Very low genetic heterozygosity in sexual and agamopermous population of Eupatorium altissimum(Asteraceae)." American Journal of Botany. 78. (1991)

Tetsukazu Yahara：“紫茎泽兰（菊科）有性生殖和无性受精群体的遗传杂合性非常低。”

Watanabe,Kuniaki: "The Cytology of Brachyscome Cass.(Astcraccae:Astereae).11.Hybridisation between Brachyscome goniocarpa Sond.Df.Muell.exsond(n=4)and B.dichromosometica C.R.Carteo(n=2)." Australian Journal of Botany. 39. (1991)

Watanabe，Kuniaki：“Brachyscome Cass 的细胞学。（Astcraccae：Astereae）。11.Brachyscome goniocarpa Sond.Df.Muell.exsond（n = 4）和 B.dichromosometica C.R.Carteo（n = 2）之间的杂交。”