An investigation of the effects of gender factors upon the social influence processes.

性别因素对社会影响过程影响的调查。

• 批准号: 02610055
• 负责人: KUROKAWA Masaru
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02610055/
• 关键词: Attitude toward woman as manager; Femininity-masculinity; Gender schema; Influence tactic; Leadership; Sex differences; Sex role expectation; Social influence process; 影響方略; 女性管理職; 女性管理職への態度尺度; 職務の性度; 女性の職場

In the first study, the effects of informations about supervisory behavior and group productivity on evaluation of leaders were investigated. Results showed females' rating scores toward their supervisor's leadership-style were more influenced by productivity informations than males' one.The second study examined sex effects in like-dislike rating of male and female behaviors or traits. The effect of rater's attitude toward women was also examined. Male and female subjects rated each 33 items which described a man/woman whose behavior or traits was masculine, feminine, or neutral. In relation to certain items, there were sex differences both of raters and rated persons. For example, the decisive man was more liked than the woman who has same character.The validity of Attitude toward Women As Managers Scale(WAMS)which Peters et al. (1974)have proposed was examined and a scale for measuring attitudes toward women(WAMS)and men(MAMS)as managers was newly developed in the third study. People with higher scores of WAMS and people with lower scores of MAMS showed more egalitarian attitude in connection with gender role.Sex differences in leader behavior were examined in terms of the sex role expectations in the fourth study. Results were, (1)both males and females indicated their high influencing intent when the task was expected to be suitable to their sex, (2)males tended to change their leadership style following the masculinity-femininity of the tasks, (3)differences in the sex role attitudes were found in direct tactic use reported by the leader, but not in results from behavioral observations, and(4)female avoided to be recognized as a leader and voluntarily served tea during breaks, however, they practiced direct and task-oriented leadership more than male counterparts in performing their tasks.

在第一个研究中，考察了有关领导行为和团队生产力的信息对领导评价的影响。结果表明，女性对上司领导风格的评分比男性更受生产力信息的影响。第二项研究考察了性别对男性和女性行为或特征的喜恶评分的影响。此外，还考察了评分者对女性的态度的影响。男性和女性受试者分别对描述男性/女性行为或特征为男性、女性或中性的33个条目进行评分。在某些项目上，评分者和被评定者都存在性别差异。例如，果断的男性比性格相同的女性更受欢迎。彼得斯等人编制的作为管理者的女性态度量表(WAMS)的有效性。在第三项研究中，对(1974)的建议进行了审查，并新开发了衡量对女性和男性作为管理者的态度的量表(MAMS)。WAMS得分较高的人和MAMS得分较低的人在性别角色上表现出更平等的态度。第四项研究从性别角色期望的角度考察了领导行为的性别差异。结果发现：(1)当任务被期望适合自己的性别时，男性和女性都表现出较高的影响意图；(2)男性倾向于随着任务的男性化和女性化而改变他们的领导风格；(3)领导报告的直接策略使用中的性别角色态度存在差异，但在行为观察的结果中没有差异；(4)女性避免被认为是领导者，在休息时自愿喝茶，但在执行任务时，她们比男性更多地实行直接和任务型领导。

项目成果

Sakata, Kiriko: "Developing a scale for measuring attitudes toward women and men as managers." Memoirs of the Faculty of Integrated Arts and SciencesIII.15. 37-53 (1992)

Sakata Kiriko：“开发一个衡量女性和男性管理者态度的量表。”

坂田 桐子: "女性および男性管理職に対する態度に関する研究ー女性管理職に対する態度尺度(WAMS)および男性管理職に対する態度尺度(MAMS)開発の試みー" 広島大学総合科学部紀要III. 15. 37-53 (1992)

Kiriko Sakata：“关于管理职位中对女性和男性的态度的研究 - 开发女性管理者态度量表（WAMS）和男性管理者态度量表（MAMS）的尝试 -”广岛艺术与科学学院公告大学三。15。37-53（1992）

Kiriko Sakata: "Sex differences in leader behavior from the perspective of attitudes toward sex role and influence strategies." The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 31. 187-202 (1992)

Kiriko Sakata：“从对性别角色的态度和影响策略的角度来看，领导者行为的性别差异。”