A Research of the Coping with the Recent Changes of Rice-cropping's Surroundings in Japan

本研究项目的目的是实证分析农民及其群体（Sonraku：农村社区）如何应对最近日本水稻种植环境的变化。正如我们所熟知的，有很多方面的变化。主要原因有三：一是国内稻米消费量的减少，二是国外稻米贸易反叛压力的增加，三是农业部农业政策基本原则的修改。为此，我们对四种不同类型的水稻进行了调查。第一个是长野的多山和人烟稀少的地区，第二个是多雪但生产优质水稻的新泻地区，第三个是山形的核心水稻种植区但兼职农场，最后是青森的混合农业地区（苹果和水稻）。虽然我们认为环境的变化导致了许多稻农经营困难，但通过调查我们发现，大多数农民并没有危机感。他们之所以有这样的感觉，主要取决于他们的农家条件，而农家条件很大程度上取决于非农收入。但是他们的资源；土地、劳动力特别是后继者、机器和设施等，将他们的意愿转化为未来的耕作和生活方式。具体一点。例如，一个典型的全职农民家庭，将他们的资源和意愿，以未来发展他们的水稻种植，是相对有严重的危机感。与此相反，大多数从事农业以外兼职工作的农户对这种变化持乐观态度。因为他们可以通过非农业收入来管理国内经济。另一方面，以农民和农户为组织主体的群体，目前还不能形成新的组织来共同应对和发展他们的水稻种植。因为许多农村社区已经失去了动员和协调其农业资源的能力和意愿。少

The aim of this research project is to anarize empirically how peasants and their groups (Sonraku : rural community) cope with the recent changes of surroundings of Japanese rice cropping. As we know well, there are many aspects of the changes. Mainly, the first is the decrease of comsumption of rice in national, the second is the growing pressure of rebelarization of rice-trading from foreign country, the third is the modification of the basic principle of agricultural policy in Ministry of AFF.For that aim, We have surveyed four differrenty types of rice single cropping paddy area. The first is a moutainous and depopulated area in Nagano, the second is a snowy but yielding high quality paddy rice Niigata, the third is a core rice cropping field but part time farm field in Yamagata, and the last is a mixed farming area (apple and rice) in Aomori.Though we estimate that the changes of the surroundings lead many rice cropping peasants to so difficult condition to manage their farm holdi … More ngs, through the surveys we found that most peasants don't have a sense of impending crisis. The reason why they feel such, mainly depend on their condition of farm house holds depending largely on non-agricultural income. But their resources ; landsaize, labour force especially successor, machinery and facility and so on, chaneraize their willings to future style of farming and living. To be concrete. for example, one typical case of full-time farm household that will consentrate their resources and willings to future to develop their rice cropping, are relatively have a serious sense of crisis. Opposite to this, most farm household engaging part-time jobs outside of agriculture are optimistic about such changes. Because they can manage their domestic economy by non-agricultural income.On the otherside, the groups that are organized by peasants and farm household, today, can not make new organization to cope with and develop their rice cropping collectively. Because many rural communities have already lost such a power and willing as mobilizing and concerting their resources for their agriculture. Less