Unstable Prospects of Modern Unwritten Constitution Under the Thatcher Governments

撒切尔政府领导下的现代不成文宪法的不稳定前景

• 批准号: 02620013
• 负责人: MOTOYAMA Ken
• 金额: $ 0.64万
• 依托单位: Toho University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02620013/
• 关键词: British Constitution; Mrs Thatcher; Unwritten Constitution; Constitutional Reform; A Bill of Rights; Political Constitution; 司法的憲法; 成文憲法草案; 名誉革命; 権利章典; 労働党; イギリス; 国会主権; 法の支配; 社会的合意

The aim of this research is to make clear both the charactaristics and the problematics of the modern British Constitution. In order to do it, this researcher examined the main constitutional reform proposals advocated during the Thatcher governments. Mrs. Thatcher's governments have caused extraordinary strong criticism of the breach of the traditional liberal constitutional norms or the constitutional consensus by her political performances. Through examining those reform proposals advanced against her rule midst the severe political antagonism, we can grasp the truth of the problems best.Among the materials examined are included "THE Citizen's Charter" by John Major, Prime Minister, "Looking to the Future" by the Labor, "We, the People --Towards A Written Constitution" by the Liberal Democrats, "The Constitution of the United Kingdom" by the Institute of Public Policy Research, "The Commonwealth of Britain Bill" by Tony Benn, and others.The followings have been made cleared by exami … More ning those materials and many academic works. (1) The separation of power and the human rights are the two pillars of the modern western constitutionalsm. In the British Constitution those have been guaranteed mainly by the political process, not by the judicial process. (2) The democratic nature of the political process has been guaranteed by the regulation of the state organ through the control by the strong civil society. (3) Many constitutional proposals today except Benn's Bill prefer the judicial process to the political one to safeguard the liberties and the democratic working of the government system. The reason why they abandened the traditional political process seems to be at bottom that the civil society has begun to lose her strength to sustain the upper political structures. (4) Mrs. Thatcher's political ambition was fundamentaly to rearrange the state or government - the society relations. She used the traditional constitution in order to do it. It was like a kind of a coup d'etat. The reform advocates are different. They are willing to do the same rearrangement by the legitimate way of the enactment of the written constitution. But both Mrs. Thatcher and the advocate of the "judicial" constitution have the same standpoint in that they want the rearrangement of Britain. So long as it is true, this tide is a part of the great change in the contemporary world, too. Less

本研究的目的是为了弄清现代英国宪法的特点和问题。为了做到这一点，本研究者审查了撒切尔政府期间主张的主要宪法改革提案。撒切尔政府的政治表现违背了传统的自由主义宪法规范或宪法共识，引起了人们异常强烈的批评。通过考察在激烈的政治对抗中反对她统治的那些改革提案，我们最能把握问题的真相，其中包括首相约翰·梅杰的《公民宪章》、工党的《展望未来》、自由民主党的《我们，人民--走向成文宪法》、公共政策研究所的《英国宪法》、托尼·本等人的《英联邦法案》。以下内容已通过考试明确 ...更多信息 这些材料和许多学术著作。(1)分权与人权是现代西方宪政的两大支柱。在英国宪法中，这些权利主要由政治程序而不是司法程序来保障。(2)政治进程的民主性得到了国家机关通过强大的公民社会的控制所进行的规范的保障。(3)除了本恩的法案外，今天的许多宪法提案都倾向于司法程序而不是政治程序，以保障政府系统的自由和民主运作。他们之所以放弃传统的政治进程，其根本原因似乎是公民社会开始失去对上层政治结构的支撑力。(4)撒切尔夫人的政治抱负从根本上说是重新安排国家或政府与社会的关系。她利用传统的宪法来实现这一目标，就像是一场政变。改革的倡导者则不同。他们愿意通过制定成文宪法的合法途径来进行同样的重新安排。但无论是撒切尔夫人还是“司法”宪法的倡导者，他们的立场都是一致的，那就是他们希望重新安排英国。只要这是真的，这股潮流也是当代世界大变革的一部分。少

项目成果

元山 健: "英国における権利章典草案の新提案ー労働党系の人々の一つの試みー" 東邦大学教養紀要. 23. 9-21 (1992)

Ken Motoyama：“英国权利法案草案的新提案 - 工党成员的尝试”东邦大学文科公报 23. 9-21 (1992)。