Development of Ring-Opening-Closing Alternating Copolymerization

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It has been found that the copolymerizations of cyclic phosphonites with muconic acid undergo the ring-opening-closing alternating copolymerization without initiator to give alternating copolymers.N-methyldi(meth)acrylamide reacted with cyclic phosphonites without added initiator to give 1 : 1 alternating copolymers. The first step of the reaction is formation of a zwitterion by a Michael-type addition of the phosphonite to acrylamide, followed by a ring-closing process via an intramolecular-type addition, the next step is the reaction between two genetic zwitterions in which the phosphonium ring is opening by nucleophilic attack of the anion from another zwitterion according to an Arbuzov type of ring-opening.