DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPHASE BIOREACTORS INVOLVING ORGANIC SOLVENT WITH SILICONE-IMMOBILIZED BIOCATALYSTS

在非水系统中固定化酶和微生物细胞的支架的发展是一个高度感兴趣的领域。我们将疏水性有机硅聚合物应用于有机介质中生物催化剂的包埋固定化。将马肝醇脱氢酶溶解于少量水中，或浸渍于含水的多孔颗粒中，固定在硅胶聚合物片上。该配置还可以在有机介质中通过偶联底物辅酶循环进行醇酶氧化和醛还原的简单填充床操作。以正十六烷为有机溶剂，研究了珊瑚诺卡菌对液体烯烃（1-十四烯、1-辛烯和苯乙烯）的环氧化反应。细胞悬浮液液滴分散良好的有机硅聚合物是最合适的材料，具有较高的环氧化物生产率。为了在更大范围内改变载体的亲疏水性平衡，将细胞固定在由有机硅聚合物和海藻酸钙凝胶组成的混合基质中是有效的。在硅盐含量超过60%的载体中，海藻酸盐的细颗粒分散在连续硅相中，而在硅盐含量超过40%的情况下，相配置相反。合成1,2-环氧十四烷的最佳混合基质为80-90%有机硅+20-10%海藻酸盐，合成1,2-环氧辛烷的最佳混合基质为40-50%有机硅+ 60-50%海藻酸盐，合成氧化苯乙烯的最佳混合基质为几乎0%有机硅+100%海藻酸盐。最佳组成的这种显著变化与底物抑制程度密切相关。优化后的复合固定化细胞经过较长时间的间歇操作后，环氧化物的产率优于两液相的游离细胞，并且可以在连续三相生物反应器系统中进行相对简单的操作。少

The development of supports for immobilized enzymes and microbial cells in non-aqueous systems is an area of high interest. We applied hydrophobic silicone polymer to immobilization by entrapment of biocatalysts operating in organic media.1.Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase,which was once solubilized in a small amount of water,or impregnated in water-containing porous particles,was immobilized in a silicone polymer sheet. This configuration also enabled to perform a simple packed-bed operation for the enzymatic oxidation of alcohol and reduction of aldehyde with a coupled-substrate coenzyme recycling in organic media.2.Immobilization of Nocardia corallina was examined for epoxidation of liquid alkenes such as 1-tetradecene,1-octene and styrene to produce corresponding epoxides in the presence of n-hexadecane as the organic solvent. The silicone polymer in which droplets of the cell suspension were finely dispersed,was the most suitable material retaining high epoxide productivity. In o … More rder to change hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity balance of the support over a wide range,it was effective to immobilize the cells in a mixed matrix composed of silicone polymer and calcium alginate gel. In the support containing excess silicone over 60%,fine particles of the alginate were dispersed in the continuous silicone phase,and in the case of alginate over 40% the phase configuration was inversed. The optimum composition of the mixed matrix was 80-90% silicone+20-10% alginate for the production of 1,2-epoxytetradecane,40-50% silicone+ 60-50% alginate for 1,2-epoxyoctane,and almost 0% silicone+100% alginate for styrene oxide. This significant change of the optimum composition was closely related to the degree of substrate inhibition. Such an optimized composite-immobilized cells offered the epoxide productivity superior to the free cells in the two-liquid phase after a longer period of batch operation,and enabled to perform a relatively simple operation of a continuous three-phase bioreactor system. Less