Studies on Fundamentals of Urban Open Space Planning in Northern Regions

第一章试图对冬季休闲活动的需求进行分析。结果表明，参加各种户外活动的频率和参加户外积极娱乐活动的人比不参加任何此类活动的人对冬季生活的满意度更高。第二章试图通过与夏季儿童活动的比较，阐明冬季儿童活动的实际状况。结果表明，冬季儿童户外游戏的频率和使用游乐场的频率均显著下降，并从户外游戏的频率和游戏意愿两个方面显示出两组儿童的差异：第一组儿童为被动型，第二组儿童为主动型。第三章阐述了城市广场中人的行为与气候的关系。尤其是春季有效温度和日照对户外活动的影响大于夏、秋季。第四章的目的是明确居住区冬季绿化的效果。根据5月上旬和夏季拍摄的幻灯片中的绿化量的比较，我们发现5月上旬的绿化量约为夏季的20%。通过对居民的问卷调查，发现绿化存在一些问题。利用万年青林、落叶林、草坪等滑道，第五章介绍了它们的形象随季节的变化。第六章描述了北方地区六个典型城市斯德哥尔摩、奥斯陆、赫尔辛基、哥本哈根、埃德蒙顿和卡尔加里的城市开放空间特征。通过本研究，我们可以发现开放空间规划与户外游憩规划紧密结合的重要性。

The first chapter attempts to analyze the demand for winter recreational activities. The results showed the frequency of participation of each outdoor activity and people who participated in outdoor active recreational activities were more satisfied in winter life than these did not participate in any such activities. The second chapter attempts to clarify the actual condition of children's activity in winter as compared to summer. The results showed a significant decrease in the frequency of outdoor play and use of playgrounds in winter and also showed the two groups by the frequency of outdoor play and their will to play ; the first was passive and the second was active. The third chapter showed the relationship between human behavior in urban square and climate. Especially the effective temperature and sun have greater influence on outdoor activities in spring than in summer and autumn. The purpose of the forth chapter is to make clear the effect of greenery in residential areas in winter. Based on the comparison of the amount of greenery in slides taken in early May and summer, we showed that greenery in early May was about 20% of summer. A questionnaire survey of residents showed a few problems of planting of evergreen-trees. Using slides of evergreen forest, deciduous forest, lawn etc., their image change by seasons were reported in the chapter five. In the chapter six, we described the characteristics of urban open spaces of six typical cities in northern regions ; Stockholm, Oslo, Helsinki, Copenhagen, Edmonton and Calgary. Based on this research, we can find out the importance of close connection between open space planning and outdoor recreation planning.