Studies on translocation of assimilates into fruits, and it's metabolism in horticultural plants.

a. ^<14>甜瓜和黄瓜植株中c -同化物的分配及其代谢。主茎叶位置对甜瓜果实中^<14> c同化物分布的影响很少。^<14> co_2 -饲料叶片中产生的c -同化物转移到叶柄，^<14> co_2 -饲料叶片正下方的茎，有果实、花序梗和果实的叶柄。在这些组织中，研究了^<14 bb0 C在果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和低聚糖组分中的分布。^<14>C在低聚糖组分中的百分比分布在转运路线沿线的甜瓜和黄瓜植株中逐渐减小，但甜瓜植株的百分比值始终高于黄瓜植株。在甜瓜和黄瓜植株中，蔗糖和单糖组分中^<14>C的百分比分布沿转运路线增加。这些结果表明，易位物质可能在易位路线上的组织中被更多地分解，并且在甜瓜和黄瓜中的降解活性不同。葡萄藤同化物的代谢。据报道，葡萄植株的易位物质为蔗糖，但在茎部2-3周后易位。盛花期，‘Delaware’以单糖为主，‘Concord’以蔗糖为主；在两个品种的花梗和果实中，均未检测到或仅检测到^<14>的c -蔗糖。这些结果表明，易位物质在不同品种易位路线组织中的降解活性是不同的。用i_2 -淀粉反应评价“La France”梨果实成熟度。在日本山形县，欧洲梨“La France”的果实在盛开后165天左右收获，但成熟后的果实质量却不尽相同。对于果实成熟度的判断，涂刷试剂后15min的I_2-strach反应的颜色是最实用的方法。通过对1986 ~ 1991年5年生长成熟果实中淀粉含量的调查，认为判断果实成熟度应以8月底前果肉中淀粉的积累量和9月中旬至10月初淀粉的下降速度为依据。尝试开发一种实用的方法来估算i2 -淀粉反应对淀粉的降解速度。少

a. ^<14>C-Assimilates partitioning and its metabolism in melon and cucumber plants.Effect of leaf position on the main stem on the distribution of ^<14>C-assimilates into melon fruits on the lateral shoot was little detected. ^<14>C-assimilates produced in the ^<14>CO_2-fed-leaf translocated to petiol, stem just below the ^<14>CO_2-fed-leaf, leteral shoot with fruit, peduncle and fruit. In these tissues, distributions of ^<14>C in fructose, glucose, sucrose and oligosaccharides fractions were investigated. Percentage distribution of ^<14>C in oligosaccharides fraction decreased gradually, in the tissues along the translocation route, in melon and cucumber plants, but the percentage values were always higher in melon plant compared with cucumber plant. Percentage distributions of ^<14>C in sucrose and monosaccharides fraction increased in the tissues along the translocation route, in both of melon and cucumber plants. These results suggest that the translocation substances could be meta … More bolized in the tissues along the translocation route, and the degradation activity in melon differed to cucumber.b. Metabolism of assimilates in grapevine.Translocation substance in grape-vine was reported as sucrose, but in the shoots 2-3 weeks after. full bloom, the sugars translocated fbom ^<14>C0_2-fed-leaf to the bark of stem was mainly monosaccharides in 'Delaware' while mainly sucrose in 'Concord'. In the peduncle and fruits in both cultivars, no or little ^<14>C-sucrose was detected. These results suggests that the degradation activity of translocation substances in the tissues along the translocation route are varying with cultivars.c. Estimation of maturity of 'La France' pear fruit by I_2-starch reaction.Fruits of European pear 'La France' are harvested about 165 days after full bloom, in Yamagata Prefecture in Japan, but the fruits quality after ripening are not similar by years. For the estimation of the maturity of the fruits, color of the I_2-strach reaction 15 min after painting of the reagent is the most practical methods. Based on the investigation of the starch content in the growing and maturing fruits for five years from 1986-1991, it was considered that the quantity of accumulated starch in flesh of fruits until the end of August and the decreasing speed of the starch from middle September to the beginning of October have to be measured to estimate the fruit maturity. Development of the practical method to estimate the degradation speed of starch by I2-starch reaction was tried. Less