Comparative anatomical studies of the arteries of the branchial arch derivatives.

研究了豚鼠（GP） 60只，家兔（Rb） 60只，麝香鼩（Sun） 72只的甲状腺和胸腺动脉。结果与多原形有袋动物（PM）、大鼠和人类进行了比较。除Rb外，其他物种均以甲状腺上动脉为主，甲状腺中动脉不变。人型甲状腺下动脉在其他物种中少见，但在大鼠、GP和Rb中均出现了源自颈总动脉的类似动脉。PM、大鼠、Rb和Sun均无甲状腺瘤动脉或极少见。GP、Rb和Sun均存在人类未见的独立甲状腺动脉。胸腺下动脉在所有物种中都是恒定的，除了太阳，太阳大约有一半的身体没有动脉，而在其他物种中胸腺中动脉供应胸腺。然而，后一种动脉在Rb和人类中出现的频率很高。胸腺上动脉和胸腺上动脉在大鼠、Rb和人类中相对丰富，而在PM和Sun中很少或不存在。人类胸腺甲状腺中动脉丰富，在其他物种中很少或没有。由于GP的胸腺位于颈浅表，其动脉与其他种类的胸腺不具有可比性。然而，在GP中，胸腺动脉起源于舌并发送甲状腺分支。这条动脉是所有物种中最高的胸腺和甲状腺动脉，似乎是供应这两个器官的原始或最古老的动脉。结果表明，人甲状腺动脉和胸腺动脉最复杂，其次是GP、Rb和Sun， PM和大鼠最简单。

The thyroid and thymic arteries were investigated on 60 guinea pigs (GP), 60 rabbits (Rb) 72 house musk shrews (Sun). Results were compaired with those of Polyprotodont marsupials (PM), rats and humans.The superior thyroid artery was dominant in all species excepting Rb, where the middle thyroid was constant. The human type inferior thyroid artery was rare in other species, but the similar artery arising from the common carotid appeared in rats, GP and Rb. The thyroid ima artery was absent or extremely rare in PM, rats, Rb and Sun. The independent thyroid artery which was not recorded in humans were present in GP, Rb and Sun.The inferior thymic artery was constant in all species excepting Sun, where the artery was absent in about one half body side and the middle thymic artery supplied the thymus in the remaining instances. The latter artery, however, occurred in high frequency in Rb and humans. The supreme and superior thymic arteries were relatively abundant in rats, Rb and humans and rare or absent in PM and Sun. The middle thymothyroid artery, which was abundant in humans, was rare or absent in other species.Because the thymus of GP was superficial cervical, its arteries were not comparable to those in other species. However, in GP the thymic artery arising from the lingual and sending a thyroid branch was present. This artery was the highest thymic and thyroid artery observed in all species investigated and seemed that the original or oldest artery supplying both organs.These results show that the both thyroid and thymic arteries are most complex in humans followed by those in GP, Rb and Sun, and are simplest in PM and rats.