Comparing factors concerning lifestyle associated with health status and mortality among elderly people across communities

比较与不同社区老年人健康状况和死亡率相关的生活方式因素

• 批准号: 02670241
• 负责人: OHARA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Kochi Medical School
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02670241/
• 关键词: Aged; Subjective health status; Psychological wellbeing; Activities of daily livings; Life satisfaction; Social networks; Rural area; Urban area; 生活の満足感; 地域特性; 健康状態; 社会的ネットワ-ク; 日常生活動作(ADL); 社会的活動

We have started follow-up studies on health status and lifestyle among nonistitutionalized elderly people 65 years of age and over in an urban community, a rural community and a mountainous community. With regard to the baseline survey, we compared associations between lifestyle and health status across these communities. The main findings were as follows :1. In comparison with the urban community, impaired physical health status (physical activities of daily livings, instrumental activities of daily livings) and intimate social networks (contact with relatives, friendship, contact with neighbors, involvement with group activities) were more frequent in the rural community. There were less elderly people spending their daily lives vacantly in the rural community. Social networks developed in the rural community may enable elderly people to spend their daily lives actively and may have disabled elderly people live in their community.2. The associations between life satisfaction and social networks were examined in the sample of the rural community. Life satisfaction was positively associated with social networks in both sexed. The associations with individual social network items were different between men and women. In men, networks of family members in the yound-old and networks of community members in the oldest-old were associated. In women, involvement with group activities was associated in both age groups.3. In the rural area, psychological wellbeing was measured with General Health Questionnaire(GHQ) and its associations with physical health status and social networks were examined. Impaired subjective physical health status was associated with GHQ high score, which means impaired psychological wellbeing. After adjusting for subjective physical health status, having neither jobs nor roles and lack of social networks of community members were associated with GHQ high score.

我们已经开始对城市社区、农村社区和山区社区65岁及以上的无业老年人的健康状况和生活方式进行跟踪研究。关于基线调查，我们比较了这些社区的生活方式和健康状况之间的关联。主要研究结果如下：1.与城市社区相比，农村社区居民的身体健康状况（日常生活中的身体活动、日常生活中的工具性活动）和亲密社交网络（与亲戚的联系、友谊、与邻居的联系、参与团体活动）受损程度更高。在农村社区，老年人在日常生活中无所事事的情况较少。农村社区发展的社交网络可以使老年人积极地度过日常生活，并可能使残疾老年人生活在社区中。在农村社区样本中，研究了生活满意度与社交网络之间的关系。男女生的生活满意度与社交网络呈正相关。与个人社会网络项目的关联在男性和女性之间是不同的。在男性中，高龄老人的家庭成员网络和高龄老人的社区成员网络是相关的。在女性中，参与团体活动在两个年龄组中都是相关的。在农村地区，心理幸福感测量一般健康问卷（GHQ），并与身体健康状况和社交网络的关系进行了研究。主观身体健康状况受损与GHQ高分相关，这意味着心理健康受损。在调整主观身体健康状况后，既没有工作也没有角色和缺乏社区成员的社交网络与GHQ高分相关。