Modes of Social Integration in a Multiethnic Nation - A Case Study of Malaysia -

多民族国家的社会融合模式——以马来西亚为例——

• 批准号: 03041033
• 负责人: MIYAZAKI Koji
• 金额: $ 13.44万
• 依托单位: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03041033/
• 关键词: Malaysia; multiethnic society; population; rural community; folk belief; identity; local history; development; マレ-シア; 呪術

The aim of this project is to study a multicultural situation by focusing particular communities in Malaysia. The different areas in Malaysia which shows great cultural variety are chosen for the study and research from anthropological, historical, geographical points of view. Eleven scholars took part in this project with respective theme.Miyazaki researched folk belief and folk medicine in Johor and Kedah. The result shows that there have been efforts by local medicineman to adopt their practice to the teaching of Islam, although the clients are mostly so practical that they do not care to consult the medicineman of different ethnicity.Fujimoto conducted a research on the rice-cultivating people in Penang where he compared the attitudes and tendencies of Malay farmers and Chinese farmers. According to the result the Malay farmers tend to be more conservative and to ask for help of the neighbors, while the Chinese people there are generally more ambitious and co-operate within a Kinsh … More ip group.Kato's research in Negri Sembilan was on a local community where Chinese people and Malay people live together. His research results show that the rather endogamous tendency was lost since the Japanese occupation and the local unity was replaced with the sense of ethnic unity.Mizushima used both field data and written records to describe the detailed picture of a local community in Perak. By checking and comparing the register and interviewed result he reconstructed the change of a particular area, which reflected the macro change.Kuroda researched the Samasam, Thai-speaking Moslems who live near the border to Thailand. She described their history and elucidated their changing identity.Nakazawa focused on a Siamese Buddhists community in Kedah. Here again the integration of these people with the surrounding Malay people in the past has been loosened since the better communication with the outer world offered different type of identity.Nomura researched Chinese communities in Sabah and Sarawak where he found the voluntary associations based on belief and/or the place of origin played an important role in forming the present Chinese communities.Tsugami's research was on the Kayan people, the inland population in Sarawak. The Kayan identity, as Tsugami reports, is mainly insisted against their neighbor, the lban, and is based on peculiarity of their family system.Komoguchi made a research on the FELDA's scheme of rural development and on the forming of local communities by that scheme from geographical point of view.Tomisawa researched the Bajau people in Sabah and focused on the changing attitude of the settled Bajau towards the sea-wandering Bajau.Omosawa observed economic activities among the Malay fishermen in Trengganu where a considerable polarization of wealth is taking place in the process of their commitment to the commercial distribution.As was summarized above, detailed and theoretically important data were obtained in the course of the project and will be the basis of further discussion the Malaysian society. Less

该项目的目的是通过关注马来西亚的特定社区来研究多元文化状况。选择马来西亚具有丰富文化多样性的不同地区，从人类学、历史、地理的角度进行研究和研究。十一位学者以各自的主题参加了这个项目。宫崎研究了柔佛州和吉打州的民间信仰和民间医学。结果显示，当地的药师一直在努力将他们的做法融入伊斯兰教的教学中，尽管客户大多很务实，不愿意咨询不同种族的药师。藤本对槟城的稻农进行了一项研究，比较了马来农民和华裔农民的态度和倾向。结果显示，马来农民往往比较保守，喜欢向邻居寻求帮助，而那里的华人普遍比较雄心勃勃，在金什群体中合作。加藤在森美兰州的研究是针对华人和马来人共同居住的当地社区。他的研究结果表明，自日本占领以来，相当同族通婚的倾向已经消失，地方团结被民族团结感所取代。水岛使用实地数据和书面记录来描述霹雳州当地社区的详细图景。通过检查和比较登记册和访谈结果，他重建了特定地区的变化，这反映了宏观变化。黑田对居住在泰国边境附近的泰语穆斯林萨玛萨姆进行了研究。她描述了他们的历史并阐明了他们不断变化的身份。中泽关注的是吉打州的一个暹罗佛教徒社区。由于与外界更好的沟通提供了不同类型的身份，这些人过去与周围马来人的融合再次放松。野村研究了沙巴和砂拉越的华人社区，他发现基于信仰和/或原籍地的自愿协会在形成现在的华人社区中发挥了重要作用。Tsugami的研究对象是砂拉越内陆人口卡延人。正如 Tsugami 报道的那样，Kayan 身份主要是针对他们的邻居 lban，并且基于其家庭系统的特殊性。Komoguchi 对 FELDA 的农村发展计划以及该计划从地理角度形成当地社区进行了研究。Tomisawa 研究了沙巴的 Bajau 人，重点关注定居的 Bajau 人对 漂洋过海的巴瑶族人。奥莫萨瓦观察了丁加奴州马来渔民的经济活动，在他们致力于商业分配的过程中，出现了相当大的财富两极分化。正如上面总结的那样，在项目过程中获得了详细且具有理论意义的数据，这些数据将成为马来西亚社会进一步讨论的基础。较少的

项目成果

宮崎 恒二: "The Folk Knowledge of Batu Pahat -History and Development of Malay Magic-" Local Societies in Malaysia(東京外国語大学アジア・アフリカ言語謹化研究所発行). 1. 36-51 (1992)

宫崎浩二：《峇株巴辖的民间知识-马来魔法的历史与发展-》马来西亚地方社团（东京外国语大学亚非语言振兴研究所出版）1. 36-51（ 1992）

水島 司(編者),宮崎 恒二,加藤 剛,藤本 彰三,黒田 景子,中澤 政樹,津上 誠,〓口 善美,富沢 寿勇,小野沢 純: "マレーシア社会論集" 東京外国語アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所, (1993)

水岛司（编）、宫崎浩二、加藤刚、藤本昭三、黑田惠子、中泽正树、津上诚、津口佳美、富泽敏之、小野泽淳：《马来西亚社会研究》东京外语亚非语言与文化研究所，（1993）

NOMURA, Toru: "A Brief History of Chinese Immigration to Sabah - with Special Reference to the Early Chartered Company Period -" Local Societies in Malaysia. 2. (1993)

野村彻：“沙巴华人移民简史 - 特别提及早期特许公司时期 -”马来西亚当地社团。

MIYAZAKI, K., MIZUSHIMA, T., NAKAZAWA, M. and KURODA, K. (editor : MIYAZAKI, K.): Institute for th Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. Local Societies in Malaysia (vol.1), 1-109 (1992)

宫崎，K.，水岛，T.，中泽，M.和黑田，K.（编辑：宫崎，K.）：亚洲和非洲语言和文化研究所。

宮崎 恒二,野村 亨: "Local Societies in Malaysia(vol.2)" 東京外国語大学アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所, (1993)

宫崎浩司、野村彻：《马来西亚的地方社团（vol.2）》东京外国语大学亚非语言文化研究所，（1993）