Historical Studies on Changes in a Technical Structure of production systems in Mechanical Engineering Industries and on Effects of Microelectronics --Comparison of technological structure between 1940s and 1980s.

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We studied technological changes and effects of microelectronics in production processes in a mechanical engineering industry from the standpoint of comparative studies between 1940s and 1980s and obtained the following results:1. It is urged that the differences between both periods depend on the existence of a feedback control. In addition, we gave attention to a wide spread of technological changes beyond factories.(1) Technological and industrial relations between machine-tools(job ma- chines) and production machines as a technological basis of a modern factory system had remained week until the end of 1900s.(2) The above relations became stronger as specialized production ma- chines, which worked in the car industry, developed originating from the technologies of machine tools(a transformation of job machines to production machines).(3) The similar transformation proceeded again in the periods from 1970s to 1980s as a result of the progress of microelectronics technologies.2. The technological basis of the mechanical engineering industry became changed fundamentally as NC-machines were diffusing into the industry, and FMS were formed as a new automation system in a machine-tool industry. In others, FTL emerged as a part in the car industry.3. Under the changes mentioned above, a work of R&D comes to a productive one in a economical meaning.