A Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Transformational Process of Iconic and Verbal Information in Audiovisual Instructional Materials

本研究旨在开发一种视听教材的图像化和语词信息加工分析技术。53个日本和外国教育电视节目被分成不同类别的听觉和视觉成分。假设发送者想要传达的信息量与每个镜头的呈现时间长度成正比，从而以秒为单位测量的镜头长度由听觉和视觉呈现时间分量组成。引入复合指数模型来逼近视频节目镜头长度的各种分布，分别用与听觉和视觉呈现时间分量相关的两个参数α和β来表示。所有程序的理论分布和观测分布之间的一致性都很好。为了探索这两个参数的实际意义，定性和定量分析…在主讲人数、主题内容、演讲相对数量、媒体复杂性等方面，S的表现更为突出。所有这些发现对视听通道的双分量指数模型是相当有利的。为了便于镜头分析技术和视频节目画面的时间采样，还开发了一个能够同时显示16个分割画面的多画面显示系统。在二分量指数模型的基础上，推导了等时间间隔时间抽样的炮点百分率的理论估计式，该公式对所有方案的预测值和观测值都有很好的一致性。在大多数节目中，超过95%的镜头是通过时间采样技术以不到5秒的间隔获得的。讨论和尝试了这种多画面呈现技术在教学活动研究中的各种应用。较少

The present study aimed at developing an analytical technique of audiovisual instructional materials in terms of iconic and verbal information processing. Fifty-three Japaneses and foreign educational TV programs were analyzed into auditory and visual components of different categories. The amount of information intended to convey by the sender was assumed to be proportional to the time length of presentation for each shot, so that a shot length measured in second is composed of auditory and visual presentation time components. A compound exponential model was introduced to approximate a variety of distributions of shot lengths of the video programs in terms of the two parameters alpha and beta respectively related to the auditory and visual presentation time components. The agreement between the therectical and the observed distributions for all the programs was very good. In order to explore the practical implications of the two parameters, qualitative as well as quantitative analysi … More s of shoes was carried out in terms of number of presenters, content of subject, relative amount of lecture presentation and "media complexities". All these findings were fairly conducive to the two component exponential model of audiovisual modalities. A multipicture display system which enables to present 16 partitioned pictures simultaneously was also developed to facilitate shot analytic technique and time sampling of pictures from video programs. Based on the two component exponential model, a theoretical formula for estimating the percentage of shots sampled by the time sampling with equal time intervals was derived and the formula found an excellent agreement between the expected and the observed values for all the programs. For most programs more than 95% of the shots were secured by the time sampling technique with less than 5 second intervals. Various applications of this multipicture presentation technique to the study of teaching-learning activities were discussed and attempted. Less